Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity and population structure in the US Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Cite this article

Abstract

Key message

Genetic diversity and population structure in the US Upland cotton was established and core sets of allelic richness were identified for developing association mapping populations in cotton.

Abstract

Elite plant breeding programs could likely benefit from the unexploited standing genetic variation of obsolete cultivars without the yield drag typically associated with wild accessions. A set of 381 accessions comprising 378 Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and 3 G. barbadense L. accessions of the United States cotton belt were genotyped using 120 genome-wide SSR markers to establish the genetic diversity and population structure in tetraploid cotton. These accessions represent more than 100 years of Upland cotton breeding in the United States. Genetic diversity analysis identified a total of 546 alleles across 141 marker loci. Twenty-two percent of the alleles in Upland accessions were unique, specific to a single accession. Population structure analysis revealed extensive admixture and identified five subgroups corresponding to Southeastern, Midsouth, Southwest, and Western zones of cotton growing areas in the United States, with the three accessions of G. barbadense forming a separate cluster. Phylogenetic analysis supported the subgroups identified by STRUCTURE. Average genetic distance between G. hirsutum accessions was 0.195 indicating low levels of genetic diversity in Upland cotton germplasm pool. The results from both population structure and phylogenetic analysis were in agreement with pedigree information, although there were a few exceptions. Further, core sets of different sizes representing different levels of allelic richness in Upland cotton were identified. Establishment of genetic diversity, population structure, and identification of core sets from this study could be useful for genetic and genomic analysis and systematic utilization of the standing genetic variation in Upland cotton.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdalla AM, Reddy OUK, El-Zik KM, Pepper AE (2001) Genetic diversity and relationships of diploid and tetraploid cottons revealed using AFLP. Theor Appl Genet 102:222–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdurakhmonov IY, Kohel RJ, Yu JZ, Pepper AE, Abdullaev AA, Kushanov FN, Salakhutdinov LB, Buriev ZT, Saha S, Scheffler BE, Jenkins JN, Abdukarimov A (2008) Molecular diversity and association mapping of fiber quality traits in exotic G. hirsutum L. germplasm. Genomics 92:478–487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdurakhmonov IY, Buriev ZT, Shermatov SE, Abdullaev AA, Urmonov K, Kushanov F, Egamberdiev SS, Shapulatov U, Abdukarimov A, Saha S, Jenkins JN, Kohel RJ, Yu JZ, Pepper AE, Kumpatla SP, Ulloa M (2012) Genetic Diversity in Gossypium genus. In: Caliskan M (ed) Genetic Diversity in Plants, ISBN: 978-953-51-0185-7, InTech, pp 313–338. doi:10.5772/2640

  • Bertini CHCD, Schuster I, Sediyama T, Barros EG, Moreira MA (2006) Characterization and genetic diversity analysis of cotton cultivars using microsatellites. Genet Mol Biol 29:321–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blott S et al (2003) Molecular dissection of a quantitative trait locus: a phenylalanine-to-tyrosine substitution in the transmembrane domain of the bovine growth hormone receptor is associated with a major effect on milk yield and composition. Genetics 16:253–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32:314–331

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman DT, May OL, Calhoun DS (1996) Genetic base of upland cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 1990. Crop Sci 36:577–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman DT, Gutierrez OA, Percy RG, Calhoun DS, May OL (2006) Pedigrees of upland and pima cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 2005. Miss Agric For Exp Stn Bull 1155

  • Brown WL (1983) Genetic diversity and genetic vulnerability: an appraisal. Econ Bot 37:4–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker CL, Bourland FM, Wendel JF (1999) The origin and domestication of cotton. In: Smith CW, Cothren JT (eds) Cotton: origin, history, technology, and production. Wiley, New York, pp 3–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckler ES et al (2009) The genetic architecture of maize flowering time. Science 325:714–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell BT, Williams VE, Park W (2009) Using molecular markers and field performance data to characterize the Pee Dee cotton germplasm resources. Euphytica 169:285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtois B, Frouin J, Greco R, Bruschi G et al (2012) Genetic diversity and population structure in a European collection of rice. Crop Sci 52:1663–1675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dejoode D, Wendel J (1992) Genetic diversity and origin of the hawaiian-islands cotton, Gossypium tomentosum. Am J Bot 79:1311–1319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dent AE, Bridgett MV (2012) STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Conserv Genet Resour 4:359–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005) Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14:2611–2620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Lischer HEL (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and windows. Mol Eco Res 10:564–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2003) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. Genetics 164:1567–1587

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fang DD, Hinze LL, Percy RG, Li P, Deng D, Thyssen G (2013) A microsatellite-based genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars from major cotton-growing countries. Euphytica 1–11

  • Flajoulot S, Ronfort J, Baudouin P, Barre P, Huguet T, Huyghe C, Julier B (2005) Genetic diversity among alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars coming from a breeding program, using SSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 111:1420–1429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flint-Garcia SA et al (2005) Maize association population: a high-resolution platform for quantitative trait locus dissection. Plant J 44:1054–1064

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel OH (1984) Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation. In: Arber W, Llimensee K, Peacock WJ, Starlinger P (eds) Genetic manipulation: impact on man and society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 161–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Garris AJ, Tai TH, Coburn J, Kresovich S, McCouch S (2005) Genetic structure and diversity in Oryza sativa L. Genetics 169:1631–1638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hao C, Dong Y, Wang L, You G, Zhang H, Ge H, Jia J, Zhang X (2008) Genetic diversity and construction of core collection in Chinese wheat genetic resources. Chin Sci Bull 53:1518–1526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinze LL, Dever JK, Percy RG (2012) Molecular variation among and within improved cultivars in the U.S. cotton germplasm collection. Crop Sci 52:222–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal MJ, Aziz N, Saeed NA, Zafar Y, Malik KA (1997) Genetic diversity evaluation of some elite cotton varieties by RAPD analysis. Theor Appl Genet 94:139–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins JN, McCarty JC Jr, Gutierrez OA, Hayes RW, Bowman DT, Watson CE, Jones DC (2008) Registration of RMUP-C5, a random mated population of upland cotton germplasm. J Plant Reg 2:239–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalivas A, Xanthopoulos F, Kehagia O, Tsaftaris AS (2011) Agronomic characterization, genetic diversity and association analysis of cotton cultivars using simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Genet Mol Res 10:208–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuraparthy V, Bowman DT (2013) Gains in breeding Upland cotton for fiber quality. J Cotton Sci (in press)

  • Kuroda Y, Tomooka N, Kaga A, Wanigadeva SMSW, Vaughan DA (2009) Genetic diversity of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cultivated soybeans [G. max (L.) Merr.] based on microsatellite (SSR) analysis and the selection of a core collection. Genet Res Crop Evol 56:1045–1055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacape JM, Dessauw D, Rajab M, Noyer JL, Hau B (2007) Microsatellite diversity in tetraploid Gossypium germplasm: assembling a highly informative genotyping set of cotton SSRs. Mol Breeding 19:45–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Luo J, Hemphill JK, Wang JT (2001) A rapid and high yielding DNA miniprep for cotton (Gossypium spp.). Plant Mol Biol Rep 19:183a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KJ, Muse SV (2005) PowerMarker: an integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics 21:2128–2129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Wendel JF (2001) Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms as a genetic marker system in cotton. Mol Ecol Notes 1:205–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KJ, Goodman M, Muse S, Smith JS, Buckler E, Doebley J (2003) Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines as inferred from DNA microsatellites. Genetics 165:2117–2128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Guo X, Lin Z, Nie Y, Zhang X (2006) Genetic diversity of Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) in china evaluated by microsatellite analysis. Genet Res Crop Evol 53:1145–1152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • May OL, Bowman DT, Calhoun DS (1995) Genetic diversity of U.S. upland cotton cultivars released between 1980 and 1990. Crop Sci 35:1570–1574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMullen MD, Kresovich S, Villeda HS, Bradbury P, Li H, Sun Q, Flint-Garcia S, Thornsberry J, Acharya C, Bottoms C et al (2009) Genetic properties of the maize nested association mapping population. Science 325:737–740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meuwissen THE, Karlsen A, Lien S, Olsaker I, Goddard ME (2002) Fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus for twinning rate using combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping. Genetics 16:373–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Multani DS, Lyon BR (1995) Genetic fingerprinting of australian cotton cultivars with RAPD markers. Genome 38:1005–1008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M, Tajima F, Tateno Y (1983) Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. J Mol Evol 19:153–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niles GA, Feaster CV (1984) Breeding. In: Kohel RJ, Lewis CF (eds) Cotton, agronomy monograph no. 24. CSSA, Madison, pp 201–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira HR, Campana MG, Jones H, Hunt HV, Leigh F, Redhouse DI, Lister DL, Jones MK (2012) Tetraploid wheat landraces in the Mediterranean basin: taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity. PLoS One 7:e37063. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037063

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell W, Machray GC, Provan J (1996) Polymorphism revealed by simple sequence repeats. Trends in Plant Sci 1:215–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945–959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman M, Yasmin T, Tabbasam N, Ullah I, Asif M, Zafar Y (2008) Studying the extent of genetic diversity among Gossypium arboreum L. genotypes/cultivars using DNA fingerprinting. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:331–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (2000) Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, ver. 2.11. Applied Biostatistics, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith CW, Cantrell RG, Moser HS, Oakley SR (1999) History of cultivar development in the United States. In: Smith CW, Cothren JT (eds) Cotton: origin, history, technology, and production. Wiley, New York, pp 99–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Staten G (1970) Breeding Acala 1517 cottons, memoir series no. 4. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, pp 1926–1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Becelaere G, Lubbers EL, Paterson AH, Chee PW (2005) Pedigree- vs. DNA marker-based genetic similarity estimates in cotton. Crop Sci 45:2281–2287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Esbroeck GA, Bowman DT (1998) Cotton improvement. Cotton germplasm diversity and its importance to cultivar development. J Cotton Sci 2:121–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Esbroeck GA, Bowman DT, May OL, Calhoun DS (1999) Genetic similarity indices for ancestral cotton cultivars and their impact on genetic diversity estimates of modern cultivars. Crop Sci 39:323–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendel J, Percy R (1990) Allozyme diversity and introgression in the galapagos-islands endemic Gossypium darwinii and its relationship to continental Gossypium barbadense. Biochem Syst Ecol 18:517–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel J, Brubaker C, Percival A (1992) Genetic diversity in Gossypium hirsutum and the origin of upland cotton. Am J Bot 79:1291–1310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel J, Rowley R, Stewart J (1994) Genetic diversity in and phylogenetic-relationships of the brazilian endemic cotton, Gossypium mustelinum (malvaceae). Plant Syst Evol 192:49–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu R, Zeng ZB (2001) Joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping in natural populations. Genetics 157:899–909

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu R, Ma CX, Casella G (2002) Joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping of quantitative trait loci in natural populations. Genetics 160:779–792

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Mei Y, Hu J, Zhu J, Gong P (2006) Sampling a core collection of Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) based on the genotypic values of fiber traits. Genet Res Crop Evo 53:515–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu J, Holland JB, McMullen MD, Buckler ES (2008) Genetic design and statistical power of nested association mapping in maize. Genetics 178:539–551

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu JZ, Fang DD, Kohel RJ, Ulloa M, Hinze LL, Percy RG, Zhang J, Chee P, Scheffler BE, Jones DC (2012) Development of a core set of SSR markers for the characterization of gossypium germplasm. Euphytica 187:203–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Lu Y, Cantrell R, Hughs E (2005) Molecular marker diversity and field performance in commercial cotton cultivars evaluated in the southwestern USA. Crop Sci 45:1483–1490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Wang XF, Li ZK, Zhang GY, Ma ZY (2011) Assessing genetic diversity of cotton cultivars using genomic and newly developed expressed sequence tag-derived microsatellite markers. Genet Mol Res 10:1462–1470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Gina Brown-Guedira for providing access to the genotyping facility and Jared Smith, Kim Howell and Blake Bowen for their technical assistance. We are grateful to Cotton Incorporated, NC Agricultural Research Service and NC Cotton Producers Association for funding support. The authors would like to thank NC State University Plant Breeding Center and Monsanto Company for providing PhD assistantship to Priyanka Tyagi.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in the reported research.

Ethical standards

The authors note that this research is performed and reported in accordance with ethical standards of the scientific conduct.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Priyanka Tyagi & Vasu Kuraparthy

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Michael A. Gore

  3. North Carolina Foundation Seed Producers Inc., 8220 Riley Hill Road, Zebulon, NC, 27597, USA

    Daryl T. Bowman

  4. Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA

    B. Todd Campbell

  5. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA

    Joshua A. Udall

Authors
  1. Priyanka Tyagi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael A. Gore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daryl T. Bowman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Todd Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Joshua A. Udall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Vasu Kuraparthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vasu Kuraparthy.

Additional information

Communicated by A. J. Bervillé.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

122_2013_2217_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Figure S1. Neighbor-joining tree of the Upland cotton diversity panel. Colors in the dendrogram correspond to different groups Group 1 (red-western), Group 2 (green-southeastern), Group 3 (blue-southwestern), and Group 4 (yellow-midsouth) of the Upland cotton diversity panel as identified in Structure analysis (PDF 107 kb)

Table S1. List of G. hirsutum accessions with identification number (XLSX 25 kb)

Table S2: List of SSR primers used to genotype a panel of 381 cotton accessions (XLSX 14 kb)

Table S3. Summary statistics for SSR loci used to genotype G. hirsutum accessions (XLSX 15 kb)

Table S4. List of G. hirsutum accessions with unique alleles (present in only one accession) (XLSX 125 kb)

122_2013_2217_MOESM6_ESM.xlsx

Table S5. Proportional Membership of cotton accessions to clusters as determined by model-based analysis using STRUCTURE. Lines were assigned to a group based on membership probability higher than 0.70. The identified cluster roughly corresponds to following geographical areas of cotton belt: Cluster 1-Western, cluster 2-Eastern, cluster 3-southwest, cluster 4-midsouth, and cluster 5-G. barbadense (XLSX 33 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tyagi, P., Gore, M.A., Bowman, D.T. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure in the US Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Theor Appl Genet 127, 283–295 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2217-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2217-3

Keywords

search

Navigation