Abstract
We constructed a genetic linkage map of red clover (Trifolium pratense L., 2n=2x=14) using RFLP markers from cDNA probes of a backcrossed mapping population, and investigated the transferability of the markers to other red clover germplasm. The map contains 157 RFLP markers and one morphological marker on seven linkage groups. The total map distance was 535.7 cM and the average distance between two markers was 3.4 cM. All of the cDNA probes of the map were hybridized to the fragments of genomic DNA from 12 plants derived from three varieties, and 87% of the cDNA probes detected polymorphic bands that corresponded to those of mapping parents. This result indicated that RFLP markers on the present map were transferable to the genome analysis of other red clover germplasm. This is the first report to construct a linkage map of Trifolium species; it should provide fundamental and useful genetic information relevant to the breeding of red clover and genus Trifolium.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arumuganathan K, Earle ED (1991) Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Mol Biol Rep 9:208–218
Blanc G, Barakat A, Guyot R, Cooke R, Delseny M (2000) Extensive duplication and reshuffling in the Arabidopsis genome. Plant Cell 12:1093–1101
Bradshaw HD, Stettler RF (1994) Molecular genetics of growth and development in Populus. II. Segregation distortion due to genetic load. Theor Appl Genet 89:551–558
Brummer EC, Bouton JH, Kochert G (1993) Development of an RFLP map in alfalfa. Thor Appl Genet 86:329–332
Butcher PA, Moran GF (2000) Genetic linkage mapping in Acacia mangium. 2. Development of an integrated map from two outbred pedigrees using RFLP and microsatellite loci. Theor Appl Genet 101:594–605
Campos-de-Quiroz H, Ortega-Klose F (2001) Genetic variability among elite red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Parents used in Chile as revealed by RAPD markers. Euphytica 122:61–67
Chen X, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (2001) A potato molecular-function map for carbohydrate metabolism and transport. Theor Appl Genet 102:284–295
Darvasi BW, Weinreb A, Minke V, Weller JI, Soller M (1993) Detecting marker-QTL linkage and estimating QTL gene effect and map location using a saturated genetic map. Genetics 134:943–951
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15
Gale MD, Devos KM (1998) Plant comparative genetics after ten years. Science 282:656–659
Grattapaglia D, Sederoff R (1994) Genetic linkage maps of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla using a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy and RAPD markers. Genetics 137:1121–1137
Gustine DL, Voigt PW, Brummer EC, Papadopoulos YA (2002) Genetic variation of RAPD markers for north American white-clover collections and cultivars. Crop Sci 42:343–347
Hayashi M, Miyahara A, Sato S, Kato T, Yoshikawa M, Taketa M, Pedrosa A, Onda R, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Bachmair A, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Murooka Y, Tabata S, Kawasaki S, Kawaguchi M, Harada K (2001) Construction of a genomic linkage map of the model legume Lotus japonicus using the interspecific F2 population. DNA Res 31; 8:301–310
Hemmat M, Weeden NF, Manganaris AG, Lawson DM (1994) Molecular-marker linkage map for apple. J Hered 85:4–11
Isobe S, GAU M, Yamaguchi H, Uchiyama K, Maki Y, Matsu-ura M, Ueda S, Sawai A, Tshushumi M, Takeda Y, Nakashima K (2002) Breeding of Red Clover 'Natsuyu' and its characteristics. Res Bull Hokkaido Natal Agric Exp Stn 177:13–21
Jones ES, Mahoney NL, Hayward MD, Armstead IP, Jones JG, Humphreys MO, King IP, Kishida T, Yamada T, Balfourier F, Charmet G, Forster JW (2002) An enhanced molecular-marker based genetic map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) reveals comparative relationships with other Poaceae genomes. Genome 45:282–295
Kaló P, Endre G, Zimányi L, Csanádi G, Kiss GB (2000) Construction of an improved linkage map of diploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Theor Appl Genet 100:641–657
Keim P, Diers BW, Olson TC, Shomaker RC (1990) RFLP mapping in soybean: association between marker loci and variation in quantitative traits. Genetics 126:735–42
Kiss GB, Csanádi G, Kálmán K, Kaló P, Ökrész L (1993) Construction of a basic genetic map for alfalfa using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme and morphological markers. Mol Gen Genet 238:129–137
Kongkiatngam P, Waterway MJ, Fortin MG, Coulman BE (1995) Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): comparisons of morphological, isozyme and RAPD markers. Euphytica 84:237–246
Maliepaard C, Jansen J, Van Ooijen JW (1997) Linkage analysis in full-sib family of an outbreeding plant species: overview and consequences for applications. Genet Res 70:237–250
Masterson J (1994) Stomatal size in fossil plants; evidence of polyploidy in a majority of angiosperms. Science 264:421–424
Milligan BG (1991) Chloroplast DNA diversity within and among populations of Trifolium pratense. Curr Genet 19:411–416
Plomopm C, O'Malley DM, Duel CE (1995) Genomic analysis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Comparison of two RAPD maps using selfed and open-pollinated seeds of the same individual. Theor Appl Genet 90:1028–1034
Ritter E, Gebhardt C, Salamini F (1990) Estimation of recombination frequencies and construction of RFLP linkage maps in plants from crosses between heterozygous parents. Genetics 125:645–654
Schumacher K, Schondelmaier J, Barzen E, Steinrücken G, Borchardt D, Weber WE, Jung C, Salamini F (1997) Combining different linkage maps in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to make one map. Plant Breed 116:23–38
Sewell MM, Sherman BK, Neale DB (1999) A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Construction and integration of individual linkage maps from two outbred three-generation pedigrees. Genetics 151:321–330
Sjodin J (1996) Red clover Science. In: Taylor NL, Quesenberry KH (ed) Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 1
Stam P, van Ooijen JW (1995) JoinMap Version 2.0 Software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps. CPRO-DLO, Wageningen
Staub JE, Sorguen FC, Gupta M (1996) Genetic markers, map construction, and their application in plant breeding. Hort Sci 31:729–740
Stebbins GL (1996) Chromosomal variation and evolution: polyploidy and chromosome-size number shed light on evolutionary processes in higher plants. Science 152:1463–1469
Sweeney PM, Danneberger TK (1994) Random amplified polymorphic DNA in perennial ryegrass: a comparison of bulked samples vs individuals. Hort Sci 29:624–626
Taylor NL, Smith RR (1979) Red clover breeding and genetics. Adv Agron 31:125–154
Thamarus KA, Groom K, Murrell J, Byrne M, Moran GF (2002) A genetic linkage map for Eucalyptus globules with candidate loci for wood, fiber, and floral traits. Theor Appl Genet 104:379–387
Thoquet P, Gherardi M, Jornet EP, Kereszt A, Ane JM, Prosperi JM, Huguet T (2002) The molecular genetic linkage map of the model legume Medicago truncatura: an essential tool for comparative legume genomics and the isolation of agronomically important genes. Plant Biol 2:1
Tsarouhas V, Gullberg U, Lagercrantz U (2002) An AFLP and RFLP linkage map and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of growth traits in Salix. Theor Appl Genet 105:277–288
Ubi BE, Mignonette H, Thottappilly G (2000) Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis using a recombinant inbred population derived from an inter subspecific cross of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Breeding Sci 50:161–172
Westman AL, Kresovich S (1998) The potential for cross-taxa simple-sequence repeat (SSR) amplification between Arabidopsis thaliana L. and crop brassicas. Theor Appl Genet 96:272–281
Winter P, Pfaff T, Udupa SM, Htel B, Sharma PC, Sahi S, Arreguin-Espinoza R, Weigand F, Muehlbauer FJ, Kahl G (1999) Characterization and mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Genome 262:90–101
Yamanaka N, Ninomiya S, Hoshi M, Tsubokura Y, Yano M, Agoura Y, Sasaki T, Harada K (2001) An informative linkage map of soybean reveals QTLs for flowering-time, leaflet morphology and regions of segregation distortion. DNA Res 27:8:61–72
Yu K, Pails KP (1993) Rapid estimation of genetic relatedness among heterogeneous populations of alfalfa by random amplification of bulked genomic DNA samples. Theor Appl Genet 86:788–794
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Toyoko Shibata and Yoshimi Saitoh for their technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Rice Genome Project DM-2102 and Low Temperature Stress Project). This work is part of an ongoing joint research project between the National Agricultural Research Center for the Hokkaido Region in Japan and the All-Russian Williams Fodder Crop Research Institute in Russia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by H.C. Becker
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Isobe, S., Klimenko, I., Ivashuta, S. et al. First RFLP linkage map of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) based on cDNA probes and its transferability to other red clover germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 108, 105–112 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1412-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1412-z