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Sarkopenie: ein geriatrisches Syndrom mit Bedeutung für die Urologie

Sarcopenia: a geriatric syndrome that impacts urology

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Zusammenfassung

Mit zunehmendem Lebensalter verliert der Mensch Muskelkraft und Muskelmasse. Akute Erkrankungen, Operationen oder chronische Krankheiten können aber rasch zu ungewollter Immobilität und noch mehr Muskelverlust führen. Dabei besteht für den älteren Menschen die Gefahr der Verringerung der Funktionalität und Alltagskompetenz. Sarkopenie bezeichnet dieses Syndrom, das durch einen progressiven und generalisierten Verlust von Muskelmasse und -kraft mit negativen Folgen wie Funktionseinschränkungen und Gebrechlichkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Bei schweren Erkrankungen oder operativen Eingriffen macht sich dies besonders in der verlängerten Rekonvaleszenz bemerkbar. Die Sarkopenie geht mit reduzierter Lebensqualität und erhöhter Mortalität einher. Es ist wichtig, mit Hilfe von gezielten Anamnesefragen und klinischen Funktionsuntersuchungen die Sarkopenie zu diagnostizieren und adäquate Interventionen, wenn möglich bereits beispielsweise präoperativ, in die Wege zu leiten. Entscheidend ist hierbei, dass neben der Behandlung der Grundkrankheit immer auf die Kombination von ausgewogener, proteinreicher Ernährung und entsprechendem körperlichen Training geachtet wird. Nur die Einzelkomponenten oder gar der der Ansatz der medikamentösen Therapie sind nicht zielführend.

Abstract

With increasing age, people lose muscle strength and muscle mass. Acute illnesses, surgical interventions or chronic illnesses can quickly lead to immobility and even more muscle loss. For the elderly, there is a risk of reduced functionality and everyday skills. This syndrome, referred to sarcopenia, is characterized by a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength with negative consequences such as functional impairment and frailty. In the case of serious illnesses or surgical interventions, this is particularly noticeable in prolonged convalescence. Sarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. It is important to diagnose sarcopenia with the help of specific anamnesis questions and clinical functional examinations and to initiate adequate interventions, if possible preoperatively, for example. In addition to treating the underlying disease, it is crucial to always pay attention to the combination of a balanced protein-rich diet and appropriate physical training. Use of only one of the components or even the drug therapy approach is not effective.

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Correspondence to Hans Jürgen Heppner MHBA.

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H.J. Heppner und H. Hag geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Forschungsunterstützung von ThermoScience, Forschungskolleg Geriatrie der Robert-Bosch-Stiftung, Wissenschaftsforum Geriatrie, Deutsche Bank, Innovationsfonds des GBA; Vortragshonorare von Pfizer Pharma, Bayer Health Care, Bayrische Landesärztekammer (München), AO Trauma Europe, Novartis.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Heppner, H.J., Hag, H. Sarkopenie: ein geriatrisches Syndrom mit Bedeutung für die Urologie. Urologe 61, 13–17 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-021-01703-5

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