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Harnableitung beim älteren Patienten

Urinary diversion in elderly patients

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Blasenkarzinom ist eine der 10 häufigsten Krebserkrankungen mit weltweit über 400.000 Neuerkrankungen/Jahr. Patienten mit muskelinvasiven Blasentumoren sterben ohne Behandlung in 80 % der Fälle innerhalb von 2 Jahren.

Methode

Die Zystektomie stellt die Therapie der Wahl dar. Das mediane Alter der neu diagnostizierten Patienten liegt bei 70 Jahren und somit sind eher ältere Patienten davon betroffen. Demographisch bedingt wird die Anzahl Zystektomien von älteren Patienten in den nächsten Jahren zunehmen. Die Wahl der Harnableitung stellt bezüglich perioperativer Morbidität und nachfolgender Lebensqualität einen entscheidenden Faktor dar. Am häufigsten werden bei älteren Patienten inkontinente Harnableitungen angelegt.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Alter allein stellt keine Kontraindikation für die orthotope ileale Ersatzblase oder einen katheterisierbaren Pouch dar. Der Patientenselektion und einer nervenschonenden Operationstechnik kommt beim älteren Patienten beiderlei Geschlechts eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu, um exzellenten funktionelle Ergebnissen zu erzielen.

Abstract

Background

Bladder cancer represents one of the ten most prevalent cancers worldwide. More than 400,000 people worldwide are newly diagnosed every year. Within 2 years after diagnosis, 80 % of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer without treatment die.

Methods

The aggressive local surgical approach with a cystectomy is the therapy of choice. The median age of patients with de novo bladder cancer is 70 years. Thus bladder cancer is a cancer of the elderly. For demographical reasons, the number of eldery patients undergoing radical cystectomy will rise in the next few years. The type of urinary diversion is a major factor influencing perioperative morbidity and quality of life in these patients. Incontinent urinary diversions are preferentially used in daily practice.

Conclusions

There are only a few contraindications for orthotopic neobladder; however, age alone is not a contraindication. Patient selection and a nerve sparing approach are crucial in men and women to achieve excellent functional results with orthotopic neobladder in elderly patients.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Spahn und S. Boxler geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to M. Spahn.

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Spahn, M., Boxler, S. Harnableitung beim älteren Patienten. Urologe 54, 1753–1757 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-015-4010-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-015-4010-1

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