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YB-1-basierte Virotherapie

Ein neues Therapiekonzept beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase

YB-1-based virotherapy

A new therapeutic intervention for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?

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Zusammenfassung

Aktuell werden weltweit etwa 35 klinische Studien im Bereich der Tumortherapie durchgeführt, in denen onkolytische Viren zum Einsatz kommen. Erste klinische Ergebnisse zeigen in einzelnen Krankheitsbildern für diese neue Therapiestrategie bereits Erfolge. Für das Harnblasenkarzinom ist seit nunmehr zwei Dekaden keine wesentliche Weiterentwicklung in der medikamentösen Therapie, weder für das nicht-muskelinvasive (NMIBC), noch für das muskelinvasive Blasenkarzinom (MIBC) erfolgt. Könnte die Virotherapie eine neue Therapieoption für das Harnblasenkarzinom darstellen? Die Therapie mit onkolytischen Viren wird als Virotherapie bezeichnet. Diese Viren zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie sich nur in Tumorzellen vermehren und diese letztlich zerstören. Zusätzlich kann durch das Virus eine Immunreaktion gegen den Tumor ausgelöst werden. Bisherige klinische Studien haben ein hohes Sicherheitsprofil onkolytischer Viren bestätigt. Weltweit arbeiten verschiedene Gruppen an der Entwicklung onkolytischer Viren zur Behandlung des Blasenkarzinoms mit einem Fokus auf das NMIBC. In den USA läuft dabei aktuell bereits eine Phase-II/III-Studie in Patienten mit einem NMIBC. In unserer Arbeitsgruppe ist ein onkolytisches Adenovirus entwickelt worden, für das eine klinische Phase-I-Studie im Gliom in Planung ist. Dieses Virus wird aktuell für die Therapie des Blasenkarzinoms weiterentwickelt. In diesem Artikel sollen die aktuellen Entwicklungen mit onkolytischen Viren in der Tumortherapie dargestellt werden.

Abstract

Therapeutic intervention using oncolytic viruses is called virotherapy. This type of virus is defined by the ability to replicate in tumor cells only and to destroy these cells upon replication. In addition, this virus type is able to induce a tumor-directed immune response. Early clinical trials have confirmed the safety profile of oncolytic viruses. Currently, different groups are working on the development of oncolytic viruses with a focus on treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A preliminary active recruiting clinical phase II/III trial ongoing in patients with a NMIBC was recently implemented in the United States. Our research group developed an oncolytic adenovirus that will soon enter a clinical phase I trial in patients diagnosed with glioma. This virus is being further modified for the treatment of NMIBC. In this review article, recent developments in the design and use of virotherapy in bladder cancer are summarized.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. P.S. Holm, M. Retz, J.E. Gschwend und R. Nawroth geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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  1. Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    P.S. Holm, M. Retz, J.E. Gschwend & R. Nawroth

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  1. P.S. Holm
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  2. M. Retz
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Holm, P., Retz, M., Gschwend, J. et al. YB-1-basierte Virotherapie. Urologe 55, 356–363 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-015-3811-6

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