Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Unser Ziel war die Untersuchung des Therapiewandels beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom (mNZK) seit 2006.
Patienten und Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden alle Patienten mit einem mNZK untersucht, die von 06/2006 bis 06/2012 am Universitätsklinikum Münster mit einer zielgerichteten Therapie behandelt wurden.
Ergebnisse
Von 158 Patienten waren in unserem Kollektiv 50 (31,6 %) mit einer Immuntherapie vorbehandelt. Die häufigste Zweitlinientherapie nach Immuntherapie erfolgte mit Sorafenib (29 Patienten, 58,0 %). Als Erstlinientherapie therapienaiver Patienten wurde am häufigsten Sunitinib eingesetzt (68 Patienten, 63,0 %). Es zeigte sich kein statistisch signifikanter Überlebensunterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen (572 vs. 554 Tage; p = 0,745). 77 Patienten (48,7 %) waren synchron metastasiert, 55 hiervon mit einer zytoreduktiven Nephrektomie behandelt. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Überlebensvorteil zugunsten der nephrektomierten Patienten (510 vs. 186 Tage; p = 0,002).
Schlussfolgerung
Nach Einführung der neuen Substanzen hat sich die Therapielandschaft grundlegend geändert. Die Immuntherapie wird kaum noch durchgeführt. Die Durchführung einer zytoreduktiven Nephrektomie kann bis zum Erhalt prospektiver Daten weiterhin als Standard angesehen werden.
Abstract
Introduction
The goal of this work was to describe the change of treatment paradigms for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) since 2006.
Patients and methods
We retrospectively investigated all mRCC patients who were treated with targeted therapy between June 2006 and June 2012 at the University of Münster.
Results
In all, 50 of 158 (31.6 %) patients were initially treated with immunotherapy. The most often used second line treatment after immunotherapy was sorafenib (29 patients, 58.0 %). The first line treatment chosen for therapy-naïve patients was sunitinib (68 patients, 63.0 %). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (572 vs. 554 days, p = 0.745). A total of 77 patients had synchronous metastasis (48.8 %), 55 of whom underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. There was a significant survival benefit in favor of surgically treated patients (510 vs. 186 days, p = 0.002).
Conclusion
After introduction of the new agents treatment paradigms have changed substantially. Immunotherapy is used only rarely. Cytoreductive nephrectomy may continue to be regarded as standard treatment until prospective data are available.
Literatur
Abel EJ, Wood CG (2009) Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy. Nat Rev Urol 6:375–383
Abel EJ, Culp SH, Tannir NM et al (2011) Early primary tumor size reduction is an independent predictor of improved overall survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib. Eur Urol 60:1273–1279
Abel EJ, Culp SH, Tannir NM et al (2011) Primary tumor response to targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 59:10–15
Bayer Pharma AG (2013) Fachinformation Nexavar 200 mg Filmtabletten. Stand: Februar 2013. Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin. Zulassungsnummer: EU/1/06/342/001. http://www.ema.europa.eu. Zugegriffen: 09. Juni. 2013
Bex A, Jonasch E, Kirkali Z et al (2010) Integrating surgery with targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma: current evidence and ongoing trials. Eur Urol 58:819–828
CARMENA (2013) Clinical Trial to Assess the Importance of Nephrectomy). Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris. http://clinicaltrials.gov. Zugegriffen: 01. März 2013
Choueiri TK, Xie W, Kollmannsberger C et al (2011) The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J Urol 185:60–66
Di Lorenzo G, Porta C, Bellmunt J et al (2011) Toxicities of targeted therapy and their management in kidney cancer. Eur Urol 59:526–540
Escudier B (2011) Benefit of cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic RCC: do we learn from retrospective studies and small prospective studies? Ann Oncol 22:995–996
Escudier B, Pluzanska A, Koralewski P et al (2007) Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised, double-blind phase III trial. Lancet 370:2103–2111
Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM et al (2009) Sorafenib for treatment of renal cell carcinoma: final efficacy and safety results of the phase III treatment approaches in renal cancer global evaluation trial. J Clin Oncol 27:3312–3318
Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM et al (2007) Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 356:125–134
Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA et al (2001) Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer. N Engl J Med 345:1655–1659
Hudes G, Carducci M, Tomczak P et al (2007) Temsirolimus, interferon alfa, or both for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 356:2271–2281
Ljungberg B, Cowan NC, Hanbury DC et al (2010) EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2010 update. Eur Urol 58:398–406
Mickisch GH, Garin A, Poppel H van et al (2001) Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 358:966–970
Motzer RJ, Escudier B, Oudard S et al (2008) Efficacy of everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Lancet 372:449–456
Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Murphy BA et al (2002) Interferon-alfa as a comparative treatment for clinical trials of new therapies against advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 20:289–296
Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P et al (2007) Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 356:115–124
Riesenbeck LM, Bierer S, Hoffmeister I et al (2011) Hypothyroidism correlates with a better prognosis in metastatic renal cancer patients treated with sorafenib or sunitinib. World J Urol 29:807–813
Rini BI, Escudier B, Tomczak P et al (2011) Comparative effectiveness of axitinib versus sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 378:1931–1939
Sternberg CN, Davis ID, Mardiak J et al (2010) Pazopanib in locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results of a randomized phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 28:1061–1068
SURTIME (2013) Immediate Surgery or Surgery After Sunitinib Malate in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer. EORTC, Brüssel. http://clinicaltrials.gov. Zugegriffen: 01. März 2013
Tsao CK, Small AC, Kates M et al (2012) Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapy in the United States: a SEER analysis. World J Urol 31(6):1535–1539
Veldt AA van der, Meijerink MR, Eertwegh AJ van den et al (2008) Sunitinib for treatment of advanced renal cell cancer: primary tumor response. Clin Cancer Res 14:2431–2436
Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. P. Papavassilis, L. M. Krabbe, B. Thielen, M. Bögemann, R. Moritz, I. Hoffmeister, L. Hertle und E. Herrmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Papavassilis, P., Krabbe, L., Thielen, B. et al. Systemische Behandlung des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms. Urologe 53, 531–536 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-013-3408-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-013-3408-x