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Anticholinerge Therapie der überaktiven Blase

Ist alles dasselbe?

Anticholinergic treatment of overactive bladder syndrome

Is it all the same?

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Zusammenfassung

Die anticholinerge Behandlung stellt zum heutigen Zeitpunkt die First-line-Pharmakotherapie der überaktiven Blase (OAB) und damit auch der Dranginkontinenz dar. Insbesondere in den letzten Jahren hat sich das Spektrum der verfügbaren Substanzen durch die Markteinführung von Solifenacin, Darifenacin und zuletzt Fesoterodin deutlich erweitert. Weiterhin bereichern Retardformulierungen nahezu aller Substanzen sowie transdermale Systeme den Markt. Die Wirksamkeit aller Präparate wurde in randomisierten, doppelblinden Studien nachgewiesen. Auch aufwendige Metaanalysen unterstreichen die Wirksamkeit der anticholinergen Behandlung und wurden in regelmäßigen Abständen aktualisiert.

Mit allen derzeit verfügbaren Anticholinergika ist eine effektive Behandlung der OAB möglich, klinisch relevante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit wurden bislang nicht konsistent gezeigt. Auch in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht, nasse vs. trockene OAB findet sich kein klinisch relevanter Unterschied der Wirksamkeit. Gleiches gilt für nahezu alle Nebenwirkungen mit der Ausnahme der deutlich erhöhten Mundtrockenheitsrate und ZNS-Wirkungen bei unretadiertem Oxybutynin. Die Kenntnis der pharmakokinetischen Unterschiede der einzelnen Substanzen ist dagegen für die Auswahl der passenden Substanz für die einzelnen Subgruppen unabdingbar.

Abstract

Anticholinergic therapy is the first-line therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. Especially in the last years, the number of available substances has increased because of the launch of solifenacin, darifenacin, and fesoterodine. Additionally, slow-release and transdermal formulations have led to a large variety of available treatment options. The efficacy of all substances has been proven in randomised, double-blind studies, and reviews and meta-analyses have also underlined the efficacy of all available anticholinergics and have been updated regularly.

All available drugs are efficacious for OAB treatment, and clinically relevant differences among them have not been proven consistently. Moreover, age, gender, and the type of OAB (dry vs. wet) seem to lack clinically relevant impact on the efficacy of OAB treatment. The various drugs are similar in tolerability, with the exception of more dry mouth and central nervous effects with slow-release oxybutynin. Knowledge of pharmacokinetic properties of the individual substances is important in order to choose the right therapy for each patient.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: In den letzten 5 Jahren hat der Autor im Zusammenhang mit OAB-Behandlung von den folgenden Firmen Berater- und/oder Vortragshonorare erhalten: Astellas, Bayer, Pfizer. Trotz des möglichen Interessenkonflikts ist der Beitrag unabhängig und produktneutral.

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Schneider, T., Michel, M. Anticholinerge Therapie der überaktiven Blase. Urologe 48, 245–249 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-008-1915-y

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