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Orale Anticholinergika bei überaktiver Blase

Oral anticholinergics in overactive bladder

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Zusammenfassung

Orale Anticholinergika sind eine wichtige Säule in der Behandlung von Symptomen der überaktiven Blase (OAB) bei idiopathischer und neurogener Detrusorüberaktivität und stehen immer am Anfang der Therapiekaskade. Die heute gängigen oralen Anticholinergika wie Oxybutynin, Propiverin, Tolterodine und Trospiumchlorid sowie die neueren Solifenacin und Darifenacin haben annähernd die gleiche Wirksamkeit. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Resorptionsgeschwindigkeit aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt, unterschiedlicher Metabolisierung sowie unterschiedlicher Penetration in das ZNS ist jedoch das Nebenwirkungsprofil bei den gängigen Anticholinergika qualitativ und quantitativ unterschiedlich. Substanzen, die langsam resorbiert werden oder als „Slow-release-Formulierungen“ zur Verfügung stehen, sind besser verträglich. Lipophile Anticholinergika, die die Blut-Hirn-Schranke durchbrechen, können insbesondere bei geriatrischen Patienten, die wegen Gedächtnisstörungen Cholinesterasehemmer einnehmen, zu schweren Störungen der kognitiven Funktion führen.

Abstract

Behavioural therapy and anticholinergics are the mainstays in the treatment of symptoms of overactive bladder in patients with idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity; they are the first-line treatment. Oxybutynin, propiverine, tolterodine and trospium chloride as well as the “newcomers” solifenacin and darifenacin are comparable in regards to their efficacy. However, based on different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with different resorption velocity, different metabolisation and different CNS penetration, the profile of adverse events is different, qualitatively and quantitatively. Substances that are resorbed slowly or available as slow-release formulations are tolerated better. Lipophilic anticholinergics which pass the blood-brain barrier may compromise cognitive functions, especially in geriatric patients, who are already on cholinesterase inhibitors due to memory disorders.

The following article gives an overview of the anticholinergics currently prescribed in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder with special attention to the influence of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics on the adverse events profile including possible CNS side effects.

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Madersbacher, H. Orale Anticholinergika bei überaktiver Blase. Urologe 45, 830–834 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-006-1096-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-006-1096-5

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