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Ernährung, Lebensweise, Aktivitäten und supportive Maßnahmen unter chemotherapeutischer Behandlung

Nutrition, lifestyle, physical activity, and supportive care during chemotherapeutic treatment

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Zusammenfassung

Bei zunehmend besser werdender Prognose maligner Erkrankungen wird der Einfluss der Ernährung, Lebensweise, sportlichen Aktivität sowie supportiver Maßnahmen unter und nach chemotherapeutischer Behandlung von immer größerer Bedeutung. Bei mehreren Tumorentitäten hat das Einstellen des Rauchens einen positiven Einfluss auf die Prognose der Erkrankung. Ebenso stellt die gesunde und ausgeglichene Ernährung einen vergleichbaren Faktor dar. Die regelmäßige sportliche Aktivität von Tumorpatienten führt einerseits zur besseren Verträglichkeit chemotherapeutischer Therapieregime und reduziert andererseits die Co-Morbiditäten der Patienten mit daraus resultierender Unabhängigkeit der Patienten.

Zu den supportiven Maßnahmen unter Chemotherapie zählt insbesondere die Beeinflussung der gastrointestinalen Toxizität mit Nausea und Emesis mit Hilfe der 5-HT3-Antagonisten. Bezüglich der Myelosuppression stehen verschiedene hämatopoetische Wachstumsfaktoren zur Verfügung (z.B. GCSF, Erythropoetin). Insgesamt ist aufgrund der Zusatzmedikation die heutige Chemotherapie deutlich nebenwirkungsärmer bei zunehmender Effizienz durchzuführen.

Abstract

With improvements in cancer survival rates, more patients with cancer are living longer and the influence of nutrition, lifestyle, physical activity as well as supportive care during and after chemotherapy is of increasing interest. In several malignancies smoking cessation increases cancer survival. Similar effects are expected by healthy nutrition. Regular physical activity of cancer patients reduces drug interactions of chemotherapy, decreases the number of comorbid conditions, and helps patients maintain independence as long as possible.

For supportive care during chemotherapy the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are more effective for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. There are several colony-stimulating factors (e.g. GCSF, erythropoietin) for hematopoietic recovery post-chemotherapy. Altogether supportive care of chemotherapy reduces toxicity and increases efficacy.

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  1. Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, St.-Agnes-Hospital, Barloer Weg 125, 46397, Bocholt

    G. Lümmen

  2. Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik, Duisburg/Essen

    T. Jäger

  3. Lehrstuhl für Männergesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg

    F. Sommer

  4. EuromedClinic, Fürth

    T. Ebert & B. Schmitz-Draeger

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Lümmen, G., Jäger, T., Sommer, F. et al. Ernährung, Lebensweise, Aktivitäten und supportive Maßnahmen unter chemotherapeutischer Behandlung. Urologe 45, 555–566 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-006-1037-3

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