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Tissue engineering in der Urologie

Prinzipien und Anwendung

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Zusammenfassung

"Tissue engineering" stellt ein relativ junges Forschungsgebiet dar. Trotz der kurzen Zeit konnten experimentelle Untersuchungen bereits in klinischen Studien angewendet werden. Im Vergleich zu anderen Fachgebieten ist das Gebiet des "Tissue engineerings" in der Urologie gut entwickelt: Tissue-engineerte "Bulking agents" und tissue-engineertes Blasengewebe zur Blasenaugmentation werden in klinischen Studien geprüft. Für viele andere Gewebearten aus dem Fachbereich der Urologie wurden tissue-engineerte Konstrukte in Tierversuchen geprüft. Auch wenn die Ergebnisse der letzten Jahre viel versprechend sind, bedarf es einer kritischen Prüfung hinsichtlich der klinischen Anwendung dieser neuen Zelltherapien.

Das "Tissue engineering" wurde in den letzten 2 Jahren durch die Ergebnisse des "Genetic engineerings" und der Stammzellforschung (adulte Stammzellen) stark beeinflusst. Mithilfe des "Genetic engineerings" können biochemische und funktionelle Eigenschaften von tissue-engineertem Gewebe modifiziert werden; durch die adulte Stammzellforschung soll es in Zukunft möglich sein, undifferenzierte Zellen—von autologem adultem Gewebe isoliert—in verschiedene Zelltypen des Körpers zu differenzieren. Mit dieser Methode sollte es auch möglich werden, funktionelles Gewebe zu entwickeln, das zum Ersatz von Organteilen und Organen des Körpers verwendet werden kann.

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a rather new field of science. Despite this fact, some experimental investigations have already been applied in clinical studies. Compared to other medical fields, tissue engineering in urology is well established. Tissue-engineered bulking agents and tissue-engineered bladder augments are being investigated in clinical trials. Even though the knowledge gained in recent years is promising, the results of cellular therapies need to be critically judged before being finally applied in patients.

Genetic engineering and stem cell research (adult undifferentiated cells) have had major impact on the field of tissue engineering over the past 2 years. By using the technology of genetic engineering, biochemical and functional qualities of tissues may be modified. Adult stem cells may help to substitute lost tissue in an autologous fashion by isolating undifferentiated cells from the body and by differentiating them into a desired cell type. These cells may be used to form native functional tissue to replace a diseased organ or organ part.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Universität Ulm,

    G. Bartsch, Jr.

  2. Department of Urology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    A. Atala

  3. Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Universität Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 43, 89075, Ulm

    G. Bartsch, Jr.

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  1. G. Bartsch, Jr.
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  2. A. Atala
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Correspondence to G. Bartsch, Jr..

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Bartsch, Jr., G., Atala, A. Tissue engineering in der Urologie. Urologe [A] 42, 354–365 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-003-0304-9

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