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Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Pankreas

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Die neuroendokrinen Tumoren (NET) des Pankreas fallen in die Gruppe der gastroenteropankreatischen neuroendokrinen Neoplasien (GEP-NEN). Die Zuordnung bildmorphologischer Kriterien zu dieser heterogenen Gruppe komplexer Tumoren fällt häufig schwer.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Für die Detektion der pankreatischen NET (oder NEN) sowie zur Ausbreitungsdiagnostik und Metastasensuche stehen Ultraschalldiagnostik, Computertomographie (CT), Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Computertomographie (PET/CT) zur Verfügung.

Methodische Innovationen

Insbesondere nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungsmethoden mit Somatostatinanaloga sind von hoher Wertigkeit, da sie über radioaktiv markierte Rezeptoliganden Tumoren mit hoher Sensitivität darstellen können.

Leistungsfähigkeit

CT und MRT haben hohe Detektionsraten bei den pankreatischen NET. Durch Weiterentwicklungen, wie die Diffusionsbildgebung, konnten diese traditionellen Schnittbilddiagnostiken weiter verbessert werden. Die nuklearmedizinischen Methoden sind in der Detektion jedoch ein wichtiger Baustein und der CT und MRT überlegen.

Bewertung

Für den Radiologen ist es wichtig, sich mit den NET des Pankreas vertraut zu machen, da sie – auch bezüglich der Prognose – eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose anderer Pankreasraumforderungen darstellen.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Da NET häufig hypervaskularisiert sind, ist eine biphasische Untersuchungstechnik nach Kontrastmittelgabe für die Schnittbilddiagnostik obligat. Eine PET/CT mit Somatostatinanaloga sollte zur weiterführenden Diagnostik durchgeführt werden.

Abstract

Clinical/methodological issue

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the pancreas fall into the group of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN). The assignment of imaging morphological criteria to this heterogeneous group of complex tumors is often difficult.

Standard radiological methods

Diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–CT (PET/CT) are available for the detection of pancreatic NET (also referred to as NEN) and for the diagnosis of spread and the search for metastases.

Methodological innovations

In particular, nuclear medicine examination methods with somatostatin analogues are of high value, since they make tumors visible with high sensitivity via radioactively labeled receptor ligands.

Performance

CT and MRI have high detection rates of pancreatic NET. Further developments, such as diffusion imaging, have further improved these traditional cross-sectional imaging diagnostics. However, nuclear medicine methods are an important component in detection and are superior to CT and MRI.

Achievements

It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with NET of the pancreas, as it is an important differential diagnosis—also with regard to prognosis—of other pancreatic lesions.

Practical recommendations

Because NET are often hypervascularized, a biphasic examination technique after contrast administration is mandatory for cross-sectional imaging. PET/CT with somatostatin analogues should be performed for further diagnosis.

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Correspondence to Markus Juchems.

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M. Juchems und B. Kläsner geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Juchems, M., Kläsner, B. Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Pankreas. Radiologie 63, 894–899 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01231-7

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