Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Die neuroendokrinen Tumoren (NET) des Pankreas fallen in die Gruppe der gastroenteropankreatischen neuroendokrinen Neoplasien (GEP-NEN). Die Zuordnung bildmorphologischer Kriterien zu dieser heterogenen Gruppe komplexer Tumoren fällt häufig schwer.
Radiologische Standardverfahren
Für die Detektion der pankreatischen NET (oder NEN) sowie zur Ausbreitungsdiagnostik und Metastasensuche stehen Ultraschalldiagnostik, Computertomographie (CT), Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Computertomographie (PET/CT) zur Verfügung.
Methodische Innovationen
Insbesondere nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungsmethoden mit Somatostatinanaloga sind von hoher Wertigkeit, da sie über radioaktiv markierte Rezeptoliganden Tumoren mit hoher Sensitivität darstellen können.
Leistungsfähigkeit
CT und MRT haben hohe Detektionsraten bei den pankreatischen NET. Durch Weiterentwicklungen, wie die Diffusionsbildgebung, konnten diese traditionellen Schnittbilddiagnostiken weiter verbessert werden. Die nuklearmedizinischen Methoden sind in der Detektion jedoch ein wichtiger Baustein und der CT und MRT überlegen.
Bewertung
Für den Radiologen ist es wichtig, sich mit den NET des Pankreas vertraut zu machen, da sie – auch bezüglich der Prognose – eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose anderer Pankreasraumforderungen darstellen.
Empfehlung für die Praxis
Da NET häufig hypervaskularisiert sind, ist eine biphasische Untersuchungstechnik nach Kontrastmittelgabe für die Schnittbilddiagnostik obligat. Eine PET/CT mit Somatostatinanaloga sollte zur weiterführenden Diagnostik durchgeführt werden.
Abstract
Clinical/methodological issue
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the pancreas fall into the group of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN). The assignment of imaging morphological criteria to this heterogeneous group of complex tumors is often difficult.
Standard radiological methods
Diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–CT (PET/CT) are available for the detection of pancreatic NET (also referred to as NEN) and for the diagnosis of spread and the search for metastases.
Methodological innovations
In particular, nuclear medicine examination methods with somatostatin analogues are of high value, since they make tumors visible with high sensitivity via radioactively labeled receptor ligands.
Performance
CT and MRI have high detection rates of pancreatic NET. Further developments, such as diffusion imaging, have further improved these traditional cross-sectional imaging diagnostics. However, nuclear medicine methods are an important component in detection and are superior to CT and MRI.
Achievements
It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with NET of the pancreas, as it is an important differential diagnosis—also with regard to prognosis—of other pancreatic lesions.
Practical recommendations
Because NET are often hypervascularized, a biphasic examination technique after contrast administration is mandatory for cross-sectional imaging. PET/CT with somatostatin analogues should be performed for further diagnosis.
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Juchems, M., Kläsner, B. Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Pankreas. Radiologie 63, 894–899 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01231-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01231-7
Schlüsselwörter
- Gastroenteropankreatische neuroendokrine Neoplasien
- Metastasierung
- Magnetresonanztomographie
- Computertomographie
- Differenzialdiagnose