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Update: Dünndarmerkrankungen in Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie

Update: Small bowel diseases in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Radiologische Verfahren spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in der Diagnostik von Dünndarmerkrankungen. Aufgrund eines breiten und oft unspezifischen Symptomspektrums ist die klinische Beurteilung häufig schwierig und endoskopische Verfahren sind personal-, zeit- und kostenintensiv. Dagegen kann die radiologische Bildgebung wichtige Informationen über morphologische und funktionelle Veränderungen des Dünndarms liefern und helfen, verschiedene Krankheitsentitäten wie Entzündungen, Tumoren, vaskuläre Probleme und Obstruktionen zu erkennen.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Zu den gebräuchlichsten radiologischen Modalitäten in der Dünndarmdiagnostik gehören der Ultraschall (US), die Computertomographie (CT), die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) sowie Durchleuchtungsuntersuchungen (DL). Jede dieser Methoden hat ihre eigenen Vorteile und Grenzen, wobei die Wahl des bildgebenden Verfahrens neben der Verfügbarkeit von der jeweiligen klinischen Symptomatik und Verdachtsdiagnose abhängt.

Methodische Innovationen

In den letzten Jahren konnten durch technische Neu- und Weiterentwicklungen erhebliche Fortschritte vor allem der schnittbildgebenden Modalitäten erzielt werden.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Die technischen Möglichkeiten reichen von einer zunehmenden Detailauflösung bis hin zu funktionellen und molekularen Bildgebungstechniken, die weit über die reine Morphologie hinausgehen. Zudem spielen IT-Anwendungen, wie z. B. künstliche Intelligenz (KI) oder Radiomics, eine zunehmende Rolle.

Bewertung

Viele der genannten Methoden sind noch im Anfangsstadium und müssen für die tägliche Praxis noch weiterentwickelt werden, einige haben jedoch bereits Einzug in die klinische Routine gehalten.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Diese Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Krankheitsentitäten des Dünndarms liefern und dabei auch neue, innovative diagnostische Ansätze beleuchten.

Abstract

Clinical/methodical issue

Radiological procedures play a crucial role in the diagnosis of small bowel disease. Due to a broad and quite nonspecific spectrum of symptoms, clinical evaluation is often difficult, and endoscopic procedures require significant manpower, are time-consuming and expensive. In contrast, radiologic imaging can provide important information about morphologic and functional variations of the small bowel and help to identify various disease entities, such as inflammation, tumors, vascular problems, and obstruction.

Standard radiological methods

The most common radiological modalities in small bowel diagnostics include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluoroscopy. Each of these modalities has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice of imaging modality depends on clinical symptoms and suspected diagnosis in addition to availability.

Methodological innovations

In recent years, significant progress has been made, especially in cross-sectional imaging modalities, as a result of new and further technical developments.

Performance

These range from increasing detail resolution to functional and molecular imaging techniques that go far beyond simple morphology. In addition, information technology (IT) applications, which include artificial intelligence and radiomics, are assuming an increasing role.

Achievements

Many of the methods mentioned are still in early stages and need to be further developed for daily practice, but some have already found their way into clinical routine.

Practical recommendations

The aim of this work is to provide a review of the most important disease entities of the small intestine, including new and innovative diagnostic approaches.

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Correspondence to Stefan Andreas Schmidt.

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Interessenkonflikt

S. A. Schmidt, M. Beer und D. Vogele geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Schmidt, S.A., Beer, M. & Vogele, D. Update: Dünndarmerkrankungen in Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie. Radiologie 63, 435–440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01139-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01139-2

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