Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Läsionen des viszeralen Mediastinums

Lesions of the visceral mediastinum

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Die Radiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das viszerale oder mittlere Mediastinum umfasst nichtvaskuläre (Trachea, Karina, Ösophagus, Lymphknoten) und vaskuläre Strukturen (Herz, Aorta ascendens, Aortenbogen, Aorta descendens, Vena cava superior, intraperikardiale Pulmonalarterien, Ductus thoracicus).

Ziel der Arbeit

Verschiedenen Pathologien des viszeralen Mediastinums und der Bildgebungsmöglichkeiten werden dargestellt.

Material und Methoden

Die Röntgen-Übersichtsaufnahme kann in der Regel nur Hinweise auf eine Pathologie liefern, allerdings wenig zur Abklärung beitragen. Dies bleibt den (funktionellen) Schnittbildverfahren Computertomographie (CT), Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) überlassen. Mit diesen Verfahren lassen sich die Läsionen des mittleren Mediastinums gut abgrenzen und charakterisieren.

Diskussion

In diesem Artikel werden die häufigsten Läsionen des mittleren Mediastinums systematisch dargestellt und besprochen.

Abstract

Background

The visceral or middle mediastinum contains nonvascular (trachea, carina, esophagus, and lymph nodes) and vascular structures (heart, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, superior vena cava, intrapericardial pulmonary arteries, thoracic duct).

Objectives

The various pathologies of the visceral mediastinum and imaging features are presented.

Materials and methods

Plain film radiography shows the gross anatomy and allows visualization of larger pathologies. However, for detailed anatomic and structural classification more sophisticated imaging techniques are required. Especially computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are well suited for structural and functional assessment of mediastinal lesions.

Conclusion

This article summarizes the major pathologies of the visceral mediastinum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7
Abb. 8

Literatur

  1. Ley S, Ley-Zaporozhan J (2021) Imaging of mediastinal tumors. Zentralbl Chir 146(1):88–104

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Azizad S, Sannananja B, Restrepo CS (2016) Solid tumors of the mediastinum in adults. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 37(3):196–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Loffler MT, Bamberg F, Eisenblatter M, Ehritt-Braun C (2022) Mediastinal lesions: the most common pathologies in chest X‑rays and their correlations in computed tomography. Radiologe 62(2):99–108

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang H, Li QK, Auster M, Gong G (2018) PET and CT features differentiating infectious/inflammatory from malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathy: A correlated study with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Radiol Infect Dis 5(1):7–13

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Flechsig P, Kratochwil C, Schwartz LH, Rath D et al (2014) Quantitative volumetric CT-histogram analysis in N‑staging of 18F-FDG-equivocal patients with lung cancer. J Nucl Med 55(4):559–564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Flechsig P, Frank P, Kratochwil C, Antoch G et al (2017) Radiomic analysis using density threshold for FDG-PET/CT-based N‑staging in lung cancer patients. Mol Imaging Biol 19(2):315–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rusch VW, Asamura H, Watanabe H, Giroux DJ et al (2009) The IASLC lung cancer staging project: a proposal for a new international lymph node map in the forthcoming seventh edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 4(5):568–577

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu Y, Han C, Gong L, Wang Z et al (2020) Metastatic patterns of mediastinal lymph nodes in small-size non-small cell lung cancer (T1b). Front Surg 7:580203

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Radiology_Key (2021) Imaging of the Middle and Visceral Mediastinum. https://radiologykey.com/imaging-of-the-middle-and-visceral-mediastinum/. Zugegriffen: 24. Nov. 2022

  10. Giovagnoni A, Valeri G, Ferrara C (2002) MRI of esophageal cancer. Abdom Imaging 27(4):361–366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shroff GS, Ocazionez D, Vargas D, Carter BW et al (2016) Pathology of the trachea and central bronchi. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 37(3):177–189

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hackenberg S, Kraus F, Scherzad A (2021) Rare diseases of larynx, trachea and thyroid. Laryngorhinootologie 100(S 01):S1–S36

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Heyduck A, Pickhard A, Brosch S, Hoffmann TK, Reiter R (2019) Subglottic pathologies. Laryngorhinootologie 98(7):461–472

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Erwin JP 3rd, Committee ACCSSO, Cibotti-Sun M, Elma M (2022) Aortic disease guideline-at-a-glance. J Am Coll Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Black JH 3rd, Augoustides JG et al (2022) ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Restrepo CS, Betancourt SL, Martinez-Jimenez S, Gutierrez FR (2012) Tumors of the pulmonary artery and veins. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 33(6):580–590

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Korca E, Kanaan J, Benke K, Veres G, Michaelsen J, Szabo G (2022) Case report: angiosarcoma of the pulmonary artery diagnosed as pulmonary artery emboli. J Cardiothorac Surg 17(1):288

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Nakazono T, Yamaguchi K, Egashira R, Takase Y et al (2019) CT-based mediastinal compartment classifications and differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors. Jpn J Radiol 37(2):117–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Balcombe J, Torigian DA, Kim W, Miller WT Jr. (2007) Cross-sectional imaging of paragangliomas of the aortic body and other thoracic branchiomeric paraganglia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(4):1054–1058

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schaefer-Prokop C (2007) Mediastinum, Pleura und Thoraxwand. In: Prokop M, Galanski M, Schaefer-Prokop C et al (Hrsg) Ganzkörper-Computertomographie, 1. 2.. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, S 398–429

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Artemed Klinikum München Süd & Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Am Isarkanal 30, 81379, München, Deutschland

    Sebastian Ley

Authors
  1. Sebastian Ley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sebastian Ley.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

S. Ley gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

Additional information

figure qr

QR-Code scannen & Beitrag online lesen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ley, S. Läsionen des viszeralen Mediastinums. Radiologie 63, 172–179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01116-9

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01116-9

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation