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MINOCA – Myokardinfarkt mit nichtobstruktiven Koronararterien

MINOCA—myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Myokardinfarkt mit nichtobstruktiven Koronararterien (MINOCA) betrifft ca. 5–10 % aller akuten Myokardinfarkte.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der vorliegende Artikel erläutert die Rolle der kardialen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bei der Abklärung der Arbeitsdiagnose MINOCA.

Material und Methoden

Aktuelle Leitlinienempfehlungen zum Einsatz der kardialen MRT bei Verdacht auf MINOCA werden zusammengefasst. Klinische Fallbeispiele mit typischen Befunden in der kardialen MRT werden präsentiert.

Ergebnisse

Im Jahr 2019 wurde von der American Heart Association eine überarbeitete Definition für den Begriff MINOCA vorgestellt, welche zuletzt auch von der Leitlinie zum akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne persistierende ST-Strecken-Hebungen (NSTE-ACS) der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie übernommen wurde. Die Leitlinie empfiehlt die Durchführung einer kardialen MRT bei allen MINOCA-Fällen ohne offensichtliche Ursache (Klasse-1B-Indikation).

Diskussion

Die kardiale MRT erlaubt mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit eine Differenzierung zwischen ischämischen und nichtischämischen Myokardschädigungen und ist heutzutage zentraler Bestandteil in der Aufarbeitung der Arbeitsdiagnose MINOCA.

Abstract

Background

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) accounts for 5–10% of all presentations of acute myocardial infarction.

Objectives

To outline the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with suspected MINOCA.

Materials and methods

Current guidelines for the use of CMR in suspected MINOCA are summarized. Clinical cases with typical CMR findings are presented.

Results

In 2019, the American Heart Association published a revised definition of the term MINOCA, which was recently adopted in the European Society of Cardiology 2020 guidelines on acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS). The guidelines indicate that a CMR is recommended (class 1B) in all MINOCA cases with no obvious cause.

Conclusion

The major strength of CMR imaging is to differentiate nonischemic from ischemic etiologies of myocardial injury. This makes CMR the most important noninvasive diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected MINOCA.

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Correspondence to Johannes T. Kowallick.

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Interessenkonflikt

J.T. Kowallick, M. Scholz, A. Schuster und J. Lotz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Kowallick, J.T., Scholz, M., Schuster, A. et al. MINOCA – Myokardinfarkt mit nichtobstruktiven Koronararterien. Radiologie 62, 912–919 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-022-01079-3

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