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Frakturen der Halswirbelsäule und Bandscheibenläsionen

Cervical fractures and disc lesions

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Zusammenfassung

Problem

Der Kopf macht etwa 8 % des Körpergewichts eines Erwachsenen aus, wird jedoch nur durch die Halswirbelsäule (HWS) und relativ schwache Ligamente stabilisiert. Bei Kindern ist dieses Verhältnis sogar noch ungünstiger. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Klassifikationen der Wirbelsäulenverletzungen aufgezeigt. Zusätzlich wird auf die Läsionen der Bänder, Bandscheiben und mögliche Verletzungen der A. vertebralis eingegangen.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Bei Rasanztraumata muss neben den klassischen Frakturen eine Verletzung der A. vertebralis ausgeschlossen werden. Ebenso muss die Intaktheit des Bandapparats überprüft werden, um die Stabilität der HWS beurteilen zu können.

Abstract

Clinical issue

The head accounts for about 8% of the total body weight, and only modest ligaments stabilize the cervical spine. In children, the ratio head weight/body mass is even worse, so not surprisingly injuries to the cervical spine are common. This article reviews the most common classifications of different cervical fractures. In addition, ruptures of the ligaments and lesions to the intervertebral discs and the vertebral arteries are discussed.

Practical recommendations

In high velocity trauma, it is vital to exclude lesions to the vertebral arteries and the cervical ligaments to prevent/minimize further harm and to accurately assess the stability of the cervical spine.

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  1. Kirrberger Straße, Gebäude 90, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    Armin Bachhuber

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  1. Armin Bachhuber
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Correspondence to Armin Bachhuber.

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Interessenkonflikt

A. Bachhuber gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Bachhuber, A. Frakturen der Halswirbelsäule und Bandscheibenläsionen. Radiologe 61, 714–719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-021-00880-w

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