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Kindliche Hirntumoren

Pediatric brain tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Sowohl Histologie als auch Lokalisation von Hirntumoren unterscheiden sich bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Während maligne Gliome und Meningeome bei Erwachsenen vorherrschen, kommen bei Kindern überwiegend Medulloblastome und niedriggradige Astrozytome vor. Mehr als die Hälfte (50–70 %) aller kindlichen Hirntumoren sind infratentoriell lokalisiert, dagegen sind es bei Erwachsenen nur etwa 30 %. Im Ultraschall, in der kranialen CT (CCT) oder MRT können Hirntumoren durch ihren raumfordernden Charakter und ihrer zum normalen Parenchym abweichenden Dichte oder Signalintensität erkannt werden. Sie können verdrängend wachsen, z. T. auch das Parenchym infiltrieren oder von diesem ausgehen. Neben der klinischen Symptomatik und Diagnostik werden im vorliegenden Artikel die häufigsten kindlichen Hirntumoren, das Astrozytom, Medulloblastom, Hirnstammgliom, Kraniopharyngeom, die Neurofibromatose und das Gangliogliom beschrieben. Die wichtigsten bildgebende Kriterien werden dargestellt.

Abstract

Brain tumors differ between children and adults both in histology and localization. Malignant gliomas and meningiomas predominate in adults while medulloblastomas and low-grade astrocytomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children. More than one half (50–70%) of pediatric brain tumors have an infratentorial location but only approximately 30% in adults. Brain tumors can be recognized in sonography, cranial computed tomography (CCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by their space-consuming character and by their divergent density and intensity in comparison to normal brain parenchyma. They can grow extrusively, even infiltrate the parenchyma or originate from it. Besides clinical symptoms and diagnostics this article describes the most common pediatric brain tumors, i.e. astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma, craniopharyngioma, neurofibromatosis and ganglioglioma. The most important imaging criteria are outlined.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    W. Reith & R. Mühl-Benninghaus

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  1. W. Reith
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  2. S. Bodea
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  3. R. Mühl-Benninghaus
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Correspondence to W. Reith.

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W. Reith, S. Bodea und R. Mühl-Benninghaus geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Reith, W., Bodea, S. & Mühl-Benninghaus, R. Kindliche Hirntumoren. Radiologe 57, 728–739 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-017-0287-y

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