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Diffusionsbildung und psychiatrische Erkrankungen

Diffusion formation and psychiatric diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Die Grundlagen der Diffusion bildet die brownsche Molekularbewegung. Die im klinischen Zusammenhang gewonnenen Diffusionsparameter geben Auskunft über die räumliche Verteilung der Wassermolekülmobilität und damit Hinweise auf die morphologische Integrität der weißen und grauen Hirnsubstanz. Die funktionelle MRT (fMRT) konnte in den letzten Jahren dazu beitragen, ein detailliertes Verständnis der kortikalen und subkortikalen zerebralen Netzwerke zu erlangen. Diffusion-tensor-imaging(DTI)-Untersuchungen können in sogenannten Parameterbildern das Ausmaß der Anisotropie und den Faserverlauf darstellen. So zeigte z. B. die DTI bei der Alzheimer-Demenz eine verminderte strukturelle Konnektivität zwischen dem posterioren Zingulum und dem Hippokampus. Dieser Beitrag zeigt Beispiele der Anwendung der Diffusionsbildgebung („diffusion-weighted imaging“, DWI) bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen.

Abstract

The basic principle behind diffusion is Brownian motion. The diffusion parameters obtained in a clinical association provide information on the spatial distribution of water molecule mobility and, therefore, evidence of the morphological integrity of the white and grey matters of the brain. In recent years functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could contribute to obtaining a detailed understanding of the cortical and subcortical cerebral networks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations can demonstrate the extent of anisotropy and the fiber pathways in so-called parametric images. For example, in Alzheimer’s disease DTI reveals a reduced structural connectivity between the posterior cingulum and the hippocampus. This article shows examples of the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in psychiatric disorders.

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  1. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    W. Reith & J. Kulikovski

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  1. W. Reith
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Correspondence to W. Reith.

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W. Reith und J. Kulikovski geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Reith, W., Kulikovski, J. Diffusionsbildung und psychiatrische Erkrankungen. Radiologe 55, 782–787 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-015-0009-2

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