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Radiologie der Nebennieren

Radiology of the adrenal glands

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Zusammenfassung

Ein wichtiges Prinzip der Nebennierendiagnostik besteht darin, mittels verschiedener CT- oder MRT-Techniken zu beweisen, dass ein Adenom vorliegt. Die meisten Techniken nutzen den hohen Fettgehalt typischer Nebennierenadenome aus. Ein diagnostisches Problem stellen die nicht fettreichen Adenome dar. Eine CT-Dichte bis 10 HE im nativen CT, mehr als 10% negative Pixel in der Histogrammanalyse, ein absoluter Wash-out von mehr als 60% und ein relativer Wash-out von mehr als 40% im 10-Minuten-Delayed-Scan und ein Signalabfall im Opposed-phase-MRT sind adenomtypische Befunde. Endokrine Funktionsstörungen werden durch Labortests und nicht durch Bildgebung diagnostiziert. Die Bildgebung dient der Lokalisationsdiagnostik. Ein wichtiges Prinzip dabei ist die Kombination von Untersuchungen mit anatomischer und funktioneller Information. Die perkutane Biopsie von Nebennieren ist nur indiziert, wenn eine Nebennierenraumforderung die einzige mögliche Metastase eines Primarius ist.

Abstract

An important principle of diagnostic imaging of the adrenal glands is to characterize an adrenal mass as an adenoma using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Most techniques exploit the fact that typical adrenal adenomas are lipid-rich so that lipid-poor adenomas, however, remain a diagnostic problem. A CT attenuation ≤ 10 HU, more than 10% negative pixels as demonstrated by histogram analysis, an absolute washout of more than 60%, a relative washout of more than 40% and a signal drop of more than 20% in opposed-phase images are characteristic for adrenal adenomas. Endocrine dysfunction is diagnosed biochemically and not by means of imaging but are necessary to localize a functioning tumor. An important principle is to combine anatomical with functional imaging studies. Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal glands is only indicated when an adrenal mass is the only potential metastasis of a diagnosed primary tumor.

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Correspondence to A. Saleh.

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Saleh, A. Radiologie der Nebennieren. Radiologe 52, 463–474 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-012-2322-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-012-2322-3

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