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Kontrastmittelsonographie am Tiermodell

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in animal models

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Zusammenfassung

In der Vergangenheit war die Darstellung der Tumorperfusion ausschließlich mit Hilfe invasiver Verfahren wie etwa der intravitalen Mikroskopie oder aber apparativ aufwendiger Großgeräte wie z. B. bei der Multidetektorcomputertomographie (MDCT), der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) oder dem gemeinsamen Einsatz der Positronenemissionstomographie und der Computertomographie (PET/CT) möglich. Ein Vorteil der Sonographie ist die nichtinvasive Darstellung des Körperinneren mit einer hohen räumlichen und zeitlichen Auflösung ohne Anwendung ionisierender Strahlung. Durch die Anwendung der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie (FKDS) sowie des Powerdopplers lässt sich jedoch keine Tumorvaskularität detektieren. Die Einführung des kontrastverstärkten Ultraschalls („contrast-enhanced ultrasound“, CEUS) sowie die Entwicklung neuer hochfrequenter Ultraschallköpfe ermöglichen es, die Mikrozirkulation in Tumoren zeitlich hochaufgelöst zu detektieren und zu quantifizieren. Der CEUS wird in der Klinik bereits seit über 10 Jahren am Menschen eingesetzt. In letzter Zeit wird er auch für tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen, z. B. bei Tumormodellen an Mäusen, Hamstern oder Ratten genutzt. Durch die Analyse der individuellen Kontrastmittelkinetik vor und nach Therapie können funktionelle Informationen über den angiogenetisch-metabolischen Status des Gewebes gewonnen werden. Weitere Forschungsprojekte sind nötig, um eine absolute Quantifizierung der Perfusionsparameter zu erreichen und die wünschenswerte Vergleichbarkeit mit anderen Untersuchungsmodalitäten (MRT, CT) herstellen zu können.

Abstract

In the past the detection of tumor perfusion was achieved solely via invasive procedures, such as intravital microscopy or with the help of costly modalities, such as multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) or the combined use of positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT). Ultrasound offers the non-invasive display of organs without usage of ionizing radiation and it is widely available. However, colour-coded ultrasound and power Doppler do not allow the detection of tumor microcirculation. The introduction of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as well as new high-frequency ultrasound probes made it possible to detect and quantify tumor microcirculation with high resolution. CEUS has been used clinically on human beings for more than 10 years. During the last years different tumor models in experimental animals were used for the establishment of this new technique, e.g. in rats, hamsters and mice. CEUS allows the detection of functional parameters, such as the angiogenetic metabolic status of tissue pretreatment and posttreatment. Further research is required to solve the problems of absolute quantification of these perfusion parameters to allow the comparison of CEUS with other modalities (e.g. MRT and CT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland

    P.M. Paprottka, C.C. Cyran, M.F. Reiser, K. Nikolaou & D.-A. Clevert

  2. Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland

    P. Zengel

  3. Josef-Lissner-Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland

    M. Ingrisch

  4. Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland

    M. Eichhorn

Authors
  1. P.M. Paprottka
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  2. P. Zengel
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  3. M. Ingrisch
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  4. C.C. Cyran
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  5. M. Eichhorn
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  6. M.F. Reiser
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  7. K. Nikolaou
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  8. D.-A. Clevert
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Correspondence to P.M. Paprottka.

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Paprottka, P., Zengel, P., Ingrisch, M. et al. Kontrastmittelsonographie am Tiermodell. Radiologe 51, 506–513 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-010-2105-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-010-2105-7

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