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Thoraxsonographie im Neugeborenen- und Kindesalter

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Zusammenfassung

Der Ultraschall des Thorax hat sich als wichtige bildgebende Methode auch im Kindesalter etabliert. Typische Applikationen umfassen die Fragestellung nach einem großen Thymus oder nach einem Pleuraerguss, die Differenzierung der unklaren Verschattung im Thoraxröntgenbild, die Darstellung eines Sequesters, oder die Beurteilung einer Weichteilpathologie. Bei vielen dieser Fragestellungen kann das Sonogramm bei entsprechend angepasster Untersuchungstechnik und Schallkopfwahl wichtige Informationen zur Diagnoseerstellung und zu differenzialdiagnostischen Aspekten liefern. In diesem Überblick werden die für den Thoraxultraschall wichtigsten Entitäten aufgelistet, deren sonomorphologisches Erscheinungsbild beschrieben, die Grenzen und der Stellenwert des Ultraschalls diskutiert, und die weiterführende Bildgebung angeführt. Vorschläge für bildgebende Algorithmen werden dargelegt mit dem Ziel, durch einen sinnvollen Einsatz der kindlichen Thoraxsonographie strahlenbelastende Untersuchungen zu reduzieren bzw. gezielt und optimiert einzusetzen. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass der richtig eingesetzte und angewendete Ultraschall des Thorax auch im Neugeborenen und Kindesalter ein wertvolles Instrumentarium in der bildgebenden Diagnostik darstellt.

Abstract

Thoracic sonography has become an established imaging tool for evaluating specific paediatric thoracic diseases; particularly queries such as thymomegaly, pleural effusion, pulmonal sequester or thoracic small part pathology may be reliably addressed. Using appropriate ultrasound equipment the well trained and experienced investigator may diagnose these conditions without the need for a radiating imaging modality or help to evaluate equivocal findings on chest plain films. The important requisites as well as the established disease entities that pose an indication for thoracic ultrasound are listed and described. The restrictions and setbacks are discussed, and an algorithm for additional imaging and typical scenarios is supposed in order to help and encourage the meaningful and efficient use of this non-ionising, easy applicable imaging tool to chest queries. In conclusion, this review tries to give an overview of the restrictions and indications for thoracic sonography in neonates, infants and children as a useful imaging tool when indicated.

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  1. Abt. für Kinderradiologie, Univ.-Klinik für Radiologie Graz

    M. Riccabona

  2. Abteilung für Kinderradiologie, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 , Graz, Österreich

    M. Riccabona

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Riccabona, M. Thoraxsonographie im Neugeborenen- und Kindesalter. Radiologe 43, 1075–1089 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-003-0989-1

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