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Die sensomotorische Domäne im Research-Domain-Criteria-System: Fortschritte und Perspektiven

The sensorimotor domain in the research domain criteria system: progress and perspectives

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Zusammenfassung

In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten ist das Forschungsinteresse an sensomotorischen Auffälligkeiten bei psychischen Erkrankungen stetig gewachsen. Dieser Trend hat zu einer zunehmenden Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Initiativen geführt, die nicht nur die klinische Notwendigkeit der Früherkennung extrapyramidal-motorischer Symptome, tardiver Dyskinesien und Katatonie hervorgehoben, sondern auch zahlreiche neurobiologische Befunde und klinisch relevante Ergebnisse auf der Grundlage der Pathologie des sensomotorischen Systems bei Patient*innen mit psychischen Erkrankungen geliefert haben. Diese Entwicklungen berücksichtigend hat die National-Institute-of-Mental-Health(NIMH)-Initiative „Research Domain Criteria“ (RDoC) im Januar 2019 eine sechste Domäne mit der Bezeichnung „sensorimotorische Domäne“ eingeführt, die sich mit Defiziten des sensomotorischen Systems und damit assoziierten Störungen befasst. Um den rasanten Fortschritt alleine seit der Einführung der sensomotorischen Domäne abzubilden, wird eine zweijährige (01.01.2019 bis 18.02.2021) systematische Übersichtsarbeit vorgelegt, in der die jüngsten Ergebnisse der Bildgebung auf diesem Gebiet hervorgehoben und Herausforderungen für die zukünftige Forschung diskutiert werden. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass bei psychischen Erkrankungen die sensomotorische Verarbeitung mit einer Dysfunktion des zerebello-thalamo-motorkortikalen Netzwerkes assoziiert ist, die mit (sozial)kognitiven und affektiven Systemen interagiert. Erste longitudinale und interventionelle Studien verweisen zudem auf das translationale Potenzial der sensomotorischen Domäne.

Abstract

Over the past three decades research interest in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, sensorimotor and psychomotor abnormalities in mental disorders has steadily increased. This development has led to an increasing number of scientific initiatives that have not only highlighted the clinical need for early detection of extrapyramidal motor symptoms, tardive dyskinesia and catatonia but also provided numerous neurobiological findings and clinically relevant results based on the pathology of the sensorimotor system in patients with mental disorders. In view of these developments in January 2019 the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative introduced a sixth domain called the sensorimotor domain to address deficits in the sensorimotor system and associated behavioral abnormalities. To draw attention to the rapid progress just since the introduction of the sensorimotor domain, a 2-year (1 January 2019–18 February 2021) systematic review is presented highlighting recent neuroimaging findings and discussing challenges for future research. In summary, aberrant sensorimotor processing in mental disorders is associated with dysfunction of the cerebello-thalamo-motor cortex network, which interacts with (social)cognitive and affective systems. Initial longitudinal and interventional studies highlight the translational potential of the sensorimotor domain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Dusan Hirjak & Stefan Fritze

  2. Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Kanada

    Georg Northoff

  3. Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Katharina M. Kubera & Robert Christian Wolf

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  1. Dusan Hirjak
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  2. Stefan Fritze
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  5. Robert Christian Wolf
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Correspondence to Dusan Hirjak.

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D. Hirjak, S. Fritze, G. Northoff, K.M. Kubera und R.C. Wolf geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Hirjak, D., Fritze, S., Northoff, G. et al. Die sensomotorische Domäne im Research-Domain-Criteria-System: Fortschritte und Perspektiven. Nervenarzt 92, 915–924 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-021-01144-7

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