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Experimentelle und therapeutische Neuromodulation von Emotion und sozialer Kognition mit nichtinvasiver Hirnstimulation

Experimental and therapeutic neuromodulation of emotion and social cognition with non-invasive brain stimulation

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Zusammenfassung

Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) ist nicht nur eine höchst elegante Methode, um in der neurowissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung mittels transienter Läsionen kausale Struktur-Funktions-Zusammenhänge zu untersuchen, sondern auch aus klinischer Sicht ein vielversprechendes Verfahren für die Augmentationstherapie bei mittel- bis schwergradigen depressiven Episoden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel skizziert die methodischen Grundlagen der TMS und beleuchtet das neuromodulatorische Potenzial des Verfahrens anhand jüngster Studienergebnisse, die in den Domänen Emotionsregulation und soziale Kognition erzielt wurden. Vor diesem empirischen Hintergrund wird deutlich, dass präklinische Studien an gesunden Probandenkollektiven von eminenter Bedeutung sind, um innovative Stimulationsprotokolle zu entwickeln und funktionell relevante Zielorte zu definieren, die in klinischen Studien auf ihr therapeutisches Potenzial geprüft werden können. Des Weiteren werden die Perspektiven und Grenzen einer individualisierten TMS-Neuronavigation auf der Basis von aufgabenunabhängigen Konnektivitäts- und aufgabenspezifischen Aktivitätsmessungen aufgezeigt.

Summary

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is not only a highly elegant method for basic neuroscientific research that employs transient lesions to explore the relationship between brain structure and function but in a clinical context it is also a very promising approach to augmentation therapy in middle to severe grade depressive episodes. This overview illustrates the methodological basis of TMS and illuminates its neuromodulatory potential with reference to findings from recent studies on emotion regulation and social cognition. Against this empirical background, it becomes clear that preclinical studies on healthy participants are extremely important to develop innovative stimulation protocols and define functionally relevant target regions to be tested in clinical studies for therapeutic efficacy. Finally, the perspectives and limitations of functionally guided, individualized TMS neuronavigation will be explored based on task-independent connectivity and task-dependent activity measurements.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. C. Mielacher, D. Scheele und R. Hurlemann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Soziologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland

    C. Mielacher, D. Scheele &  R. Hurlemann M.Sc.

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  1. C. Mielacher
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  2. D. Scheele
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  3. R. Hurlemann M.Sc.
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Correspondence to R. Hurlemann M.Sc..

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R. Hurlemann ist Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe NEMO (Neuromodulation of Emotion), Universitätsklinikum Bonn.

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Mielacher, C., Scheele, D. & Hurlemann, R. Experimentelle und therapeutische Neuromodulation von Emotion und sozialer Kognition mit nichtinvasiver Hirnstimulation. Nervenarzt 86, 1500–1507 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4324-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4324-7

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