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Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Verhaltenssüchte

Neurobiology of behavioral addictions

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F. Kiefer und M. Fauth-Bühler haben zu gleichen Teilen zu der Arbeit beigetragen.

Zusammenfassung

Für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Suchtverhalten kommt dem belohnungsassoziierten Lernen eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die hierbei zugrunde liegenden neurobiologischen Grundlagen und die assoziierten neuropsychologischen Mechanismen werden vorgestellt und Parallelen von Substanzabhängigkeit und Verhaltenssüchten aufgezeigt. Im zweiten Abschnitt des Beitrages werden spezifische Befunde zu Veränderungen neurobiologischer Prozesse bei pathologischem Glücksspielen und Computer- und Internetsucht mittels funktioneller Bildgebung herausgearbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Veränderungen in neurokognitiven Prozessen wie Reiz-Reaktivität, Verarbeitung von Belohnung und Bestrafung sowie Verhaltenskontrolle.

Summary

Reward learning represents a crucial mechanism in the acquisition and maintenance of addictive behavior. The underlying neurobiological foundations and associated neurobiological pathways are identified in this review and similarities between substance abuse and behavioral addictions will be discussed. In the second section current neuroimaging findings on neurobiological mechanisms of pathological gambling and computer and internet addiction are discussed. The main focuses are on changes in neurocognitive processes, such as cue reactivity, reward and punishment processing and behavioral control.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    F. Kiefer, M. Fauth-Bühler & K. Mann

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte , Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Heinz

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  1. F. Kiefer
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  2. M. Fauth-Bühler
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  3. A. Heinz
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  4. K. Mann
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Correspondence to F. Kiefer.

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Kiefer, F., Fauth-Bühler, M., Heinz, A. et al. Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Verhaltenssüchte. Nervenarzt 84, 557–562 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3719-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3719-y

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