Zusammenfassung
Spastik stellt ein häufiges Problem im klinischen Verlauf von Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose dar. Trotz verschiedener symptomatischer Therapieansätze ist dieses Symptom nicht immer suffizient therapierbar. Basierend auf Einzelfallberichten wird seit Jahren dem Konsum von Pflanzenteilen bzw. Harz der Hanfpflanze Cannnabis sativa ein lindernder Effekt auf die Spastik zugeschrieben. Die wirksamen Bestandteile Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) und Cannabidiol (CBD) wurden als pharmazeutisches Produkt entwickelt und in klinischen Studien hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich eine signifikante Überlegenheit des Pflanzenextraktgemisches gegenüber Placebo, sodass diese Substanz eine Zulassung in Deutschland als Add-on-Therapie zur Behandlung der Spastik bei Multipler Sklerose erhalten hat.
Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die wissenschaftliche Rationale und die bisher erhobenen Studiendaten zum Einsatz von Cannabinoiden zur symptomatischen Therapie der Multiplen Sklerose.
Summary
Spasticity represents a common troublesome symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Treatment of spasticity remains difficult, which has prompted some patients to self-medicate with and perceive benefits from cannabis. Advances in the understanding of cannabinoid biology support these anecdotal observations. Various clinical reports as well as randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have now demonstrated clinical efficacy of cannabinoids for the treatment of spasticity in MS patients. Sativex is a 1:1 mix of delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol and cannabidiol extracted from cloned Cannabis sativa chemovars, which recently received a label for treating MS-related spasticity in Germany. The present article reviews the current understanding of cannabinoid biology and the value of cannabinoids as a symptomatic treatment option in MS.
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Husseini, L., Leussink, V., Warnke, C. et al. Cannabinoide zur symptomatischen Therapie der Multiplen Sklerose. Nervenarzt 83, 695–704 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-011-3401-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-011-3401-9