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Parenchym-Ultraschall bei Parkinson-Syndromen

Sonography of the parenchyma in Parkinson’s disease

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Zusammenfassung

Die transkranielle Sonographie des Hirnparenchyms ist eine einfache und schnell durchführbare diagnostische Methode zum Nachweis eines Parkinson-Syndroms. Bis zu 90% der Patienten mit einem primären Parkinson-Syndrom zeigen eine vermehrte Hyperechogenität in Projektion auf die Substantia nigra (SN). In gesunden Kontrollen findet man lediglich in 10–15% der Fälle eine vermehrte Hyperechogenität der SN und auch in den Differenzialdiagnosen des primären Parkinson-Syndroms, also der Multisystematrophie vom Parkinson-Typ (MSA-P), der progressiven supranukleären Blickparese (PSP) und dem essenziellen Tremor ist die vermehrte Echogenitätsanhebung der SN deutlich seltener zu finden. Bei fast allen bekannten Formen der monogenetischen Parkinson-Syndrome ist die vermehrte Hyperechogenität der SN nachweisbar und dieses auch schon in prämotorischen Stadien der Krankheit. Bisher ist das neuropathologische Korrelat der Hyperechogenität nicht sicher bekannt und Langzeituntersuchungen asymptomatischer Probanden mit vermehrter Hyperechogenität sind erst begonnen worden. Es muss sich insofern erst in Zukunft zeigen, inwieweit die Methode in der Frühdiagnostik des Parkinson-Syndroms bzw. in der Detektion einer erhöhten nigrostriatalen Vulnerabilität vor Ausbruch der Krankheit von Nutzen ist.

Summary

Transcranial sonography (TCS) of the brain parenchyma is a non-invasive and easily applicable neuroimaging technique which is used as a diagnostic tool in Parkinson’s disease. Up to 90% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease but only 10–15% of the healthy population show an abnormal echogenicity (hyperechogenicity) of the substantia nigra (SN). TCS has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of patients with essential tremor or atypical parkinsonian syndromes, including the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) where hyperechogenicity of the SN is less frequent. Abnormal echogenicity of the SN has been found in almost all investigated monogenic types of parkinsonism and even in asymptomatic mutation carriers. The nature of the pathological substrate leading to the abnormal echogenicity of the SN remains elusive. Longitudinal studies of asymptomatic subjects with abnormal echogenicity of the SN are still ongoing to evaluate the risk for developing Parkinson’s disease in the future in these subjects.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: Referententätigkeit für GSK und Orion Pharma. Daraus ergibt sich kein Interessenkonflikt für die vorgelegte Arbeit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein,Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland

    J. Hagenah

  2. Asklepios Klinik für Neurologie, Asklepios Klinik Nord – Heidberg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    G. Seidel

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  1. J. Hagenah
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  2. G. Seidel
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Correspondence to J. Hagenah.

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Hagenah, J., Seidel, G. Parenchym-Ultraschall bei Parkinson-Syndromen. Nervenarzt 81, 1189–1195 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3025-5

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