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Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Dystonie

Empfehlungen der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tiefe Hirnstimulation

Deep brain stimulation for dystonia

Consensus recommendations of the German Deep Brain Stimulation Association

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Zusammenfassung

Die medikamentöse Behandlung insbesondere der generalisierten Dystonie ist in den meisten Fällen entweder nicht zufriedenstellend oder mit starken Nebenwirkungen verbunden. Nur bei fokalen Dystonien existiert mit Botulinum-Toxin eine wirkungsvolle Therapieoption, allerdings sprechen auch hier einige Patienten bereits primär nicht auf die Therapie an oder entwickeln neutralisierende Antikörper mit resultierendem sekundärem Therapieversagen. Für die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) im Globus pallidus internus (GPi) gibt es mittlerweile sowohl für die generalisierte als auch für die fokale Dystonie fundierte Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit des Verfahrens. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt, basierend sowohl auf den gegenwärtig verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Daten als auch auf den langjährigen Erfahrungen der Autoren, Empfehlungen hinsichtlich des Einsatzes der THS bei verschiedenen Formen von Dystonie. Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand bezüglich Indikationsstellung und Patientenmanagement wird dabei in Form von Empfehlungen zusammengefasst, die im Konsensusverfahren durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tiefe Hirnstimulation erarbeitet wurden.

Summary

Medical treatment of dystonia, particularly generalised forms of the disorder, is often not satisfactory or causes intolerable side effects. In focal dystonia, a reasonable treatment option with botulinum toxin exists but some patients either do not respond well or develop neutralising antibodies with secondary therapy failure. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus has been shown to be effective in both generalised and focal dystonia. This paper gives recommendations regarding the use of DBS in different forms of dystonia based on the currently available scientific data as well as the longstanding personal experience of the authors. The inclusion criteria for DBS candidates as well as the peri- and postoperative patient management are addressed. These recommendations were developed in a consensus procedure in the German Deep Brain Stimulation Association.

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Schrader , C., Benecke, R., Deuschl, G. et al. Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Dystonie. Nervenarzt 80, 656–661 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-009-2696-2

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