Zusammenfassung
Die Autoren geben eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand zur Genetik der Angsterkrankungen. Entsprechend der derzeitigen kategorialen Einteilung nach ICD-10 wird hierbei zwischen Panikstörung, generalisierter Angststörung, Phobien und posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung unterschieden. Einführend werden biologische Erklärungsmodelle auf der Grundlage von Pharmakotherapien, Provokationsuntersuchungen und Tier-Modellen referiert. Ausführlich werden die relevanten Befunde zur klinischen Genetik (Zwillings- und Familienstudien) und molekularen Genetik (Kopplungs- und Assoziationsuntersuchungen) dargestellt. Besonderen Raum nimmt hierbei die Beschreibung der Panikstörung ein, zu der die meisten Befunde vorliegen. Ergänzend werden die genetischen Befunde zu Angst als Persönlichkeitsdimension unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Endophänotypdiskussion zusammengefasst. Abschließend werden die ethische Problematik und therapeutische Relevanz der genetischen Forschung bei Krankheiten mit multifaktorieller und polygener Genese eingehend diskutiert.
Summary
The authors give an overview of the present state of knowledge on the genetics of anxiety disorders. According to ICD-10 or DSM III/IV classification, anxiety disorders comprise panic disorder, generalized anxiety, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the context of the conceptual change from psychodynamic anxiety neuroses to complex, multifactorial anxiety disorders, a summary of biological hypotheses of the pathogenesis of anxiety derived from pharmacotherapy, challenge tests, and animal model disorders is provided. The relevant findings from clinical genetic studies (twin and family) and molecular genetic studies (linkage and association) are presented in detail. The most data now available are on panic disorder, though with regard to molecular genetics these are still preliminary. In addition, genetic findings on anxiety as a personality dimension are reviewed, taking into account the present phenotype discussion (category vs dimension). Finally, ethical and therapeutic implications of genetic research on complex, polygenic disorders are discussed.
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Domschke, K., Deckert, J. Genetik der Angsterkrankungen. Nervenarzt 78, 825–835 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2315-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2315-z