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Prädiktoren dissozialen Verhaltens

Periphere psychophysiologische Befunde bei Kindern und Erwachsenen mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens

Predictors of antisocial behaviour

Peripheral psychophysiological findings in children and adults with conduct disorder

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Zusammenfassung

In zahlreichen Studien mit Kindern, Jugendlichen sowie Erwachsenen konnten psychophysiologische Parameter der emotionalen Reizverarbeitung mit interindividuell unterschiedlichen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen assoziiert werden. Dabei sind besonders Personen mit einem niedrigen autonomen Ruhearousal, schwach ausgeprägter Orientierungsreaktion, beschleunigter Habituation und verminderter Reaktion auf Strafreize durch Eigenschaften wie reduziertes Angsterleben, verminderte Verhaltenshemmung sowie gesteigerte Reizsuche charakterisiert. Dies scheint insgesamt die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten dissozialen Verhaltens zu erhöhen und ist besonders im Kindes- und Jugendalter als prognostisch ungünstig im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung einer dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung anzusehen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist vermehrte Angstbereitschaft, die mit einer entsprechend erhöhten autonomen Reagibilität assoziiert ist, als protektiver Faktor zu werten. Aktuelle Daten zeigen, dass durch spezielle Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen eine Steigerung der autonomen Reagibilität erreicht werden konnte. Eine solche Plastizität dieses biologischen Markers könnte bei Kindern mit erhöhtem Risiko für die Entwicklung dissozialen Verhaltens u. U. präventiv genutzt werden.

Summary

Many studies have shown that psychophysiological parameters of processing emotional stimuli are associated with different personality traits in children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with low autonomic baseline arousal, low orienting reaction, accelerated habituation, and reduced excitability particularly to punishing stimuli are characterised by a reduced experience of anxiety, decreased behaviour inhibition, and increased sensation seeking. These characteristics seem to raise the likelihood of dissocial behaviour and are perceived as prognostically favourable for the development of antisocial personality disorders in childhood and adolescence. In contrast, an increased disposition towards anxiety, which is associated with increased autonomic reactivity, is recognised as a protective factor. Current data have shown that through special training, child and adolescent autonomic reactivity could be enhanced. Due to its versatility, this biological marker might be used for prevention in children at greater risk of developing antisocial behaviour.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen

    B. Herpertz-Dahlmann

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Rostock

    S. Herpertz

  3. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    T. D. Vloet

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  1. T. D. Vloet
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Vloet, T.D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. & Herpertz, S. Prädiktoren dissozialen Verhaltens. Nervenarzt 77, 782–790 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-005-2039-x

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