Zusammenfassung
Supratentorielle Kavernome sind häufig mit symptomatischen Epilepsien assoziiert. Das Ziel der chirurgischen Behandlung besteht darin, die Epilepsie zu kontrollieren und außerdem die potenzielle Blutungsquelle zu eliminieren. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde in einer Pilotstudie nach Prädiktoren für eine postoperative Anfallsfreiheit gesucht. Hierbei wurden zur Beurteilung des Therapieerfolgs 3 Klassifikationsschemata eingesetzt. Dreißig Patienten wurden aufgrund der präoperativen Diagnostik einschließlich intraoperativer Elektrokortikographie maßgeschneiderten Resektionen unterzogen und der postoperative Verlauf (durchschnittlich 4 Jahre) analysiert. Eine Läsionektomie, erweiterte Läsionektomie und modifizierte Lappenresektion wurden so durchgeführt, dass der gliotische Randsaum eindeutig operativ entfernt wurde. Ergänzende Gewebsresektionen wurden elektrophysiologisch definiert. Von den Patienten wurden 53,3% komplett anfallsfrei (Engel I), ein weiterer Patient hatte lediglich gelegentlich isolierte Auren. Weitere 8 Patienten (26,7%) wiesen eine erhebliche Reduktion der Anfallsfrequenz und Schwere der Anfälle auf. Die postoperative Anfallskontrolle war nicht mit dem Operationstyp assoziiert. Als prognostische Faktoren wurden frühe operative Interventionen (91,7% der Patienten, die innerhalb von 2 Jahren nach Erstmanifestation der Anfälle operiert wurden, wurden anfallsfrei) und das Vorliegen singulärer oder multipler Kavernome (keiner der Patienten mit multiplen Kavernomen wurde anfallsfrei) identifiziert. Patienten mit präoperativ festgestelltem unifokalem Anfallsbeginn wiesen eine gute Anfallskontrolle im Vergleich zu solchen Patienten mit bilateralem oder multifokalem Anfallsbeginn auf.
Abstract
For cavernous haemangiomas, it is the aim of surgical treatment to control epilepsy and eliminate potential sources of intracerebral haematomas. In the following investigation, it was attempted to find indicators for seizure freedom after surgery. Success of therapy was assessed according to three patterns of classification. Thirty patients underwent tailored resection based on findings from preoperative investigations and intraoperative electrocorticography. Follow-up averaged 4 years. Lesionectomy, extended lesionectomy, and modified lobe resection were carried out in 13, 11, and six patients, respectively. For all procedures, including microsurgical lesionectomy, the firm gliotic layer unequivocally differed in colour and consistency from normal brain and was removed. Further tissue resection was carried out only if the electrocortical course suggested persistent spike activity around the resection cavity or if presurgical MRI evaluation (e.g. hippocampal atrophy) or electrophysiology also pointed to pathology distant from the lesion. Of the patients, 53.3% became completely seizure-free (Engel I), and one additional patient had only occasional isolated auras. Dramatic reductions in seizure frequency and severity were exhibited by 26.7%. Outcome in respect to seizure control was not associated with resection procedure, comparing pure lesionectomy with lesionectomy plus cortectomy. In the group of patients with epilepsy surgery, those with hippocampectomy had significantly better outcome than those without. Important prognostic factors were early operation after seizure manifestation (91.7% operated upon within 2 years of seizure onset became seizure-free). Another prognostic factor was unifocal seizure onset (bilateral or multifocal seizure onset was found in care of the ten patients with unfavourable outcome). None of the four patients harbouring multiple cavernomas became seizure-free after resection of one lesion, which was believed to be mostly attributable to the epileptic focus that was removed.
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Stefan, H., Walter, J., Kerling, F. et al. Supratentorielle Kavernome und epileptische Anfälle. Nervenarzt 75, 755–762 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1697-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1697-4