Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles of different compositions have already found numerous applications in various branches of industry, agriculture, and medicine. Given the well-known antibacterial activity of Ag, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are constantly being investigated for their promising ability to fight antibiotic-resistant pathogens. A promising candidate for AgNPs biosynthesis is chili pepper Capsicum annuum, cultivated worldwide and known for accumulating significant amounts of active substances. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of C. annuum pericarps demonstrated accumulation of 4.38 mg/g DW of total capsaicinoids, 14.56 mg GAE/g DW of total phenolic compounds, 1.67 mg QE/g DW of total flavonoids, and 1.03 mg CAE/g DW of total phenolic acids. All determined aromatic compounds carry various active functional groups, which effectively participate in the biosynthesis of AgNPs and are characterized by high antioxidant potential. Therefore, the present research focused on the facile, quick, and effective procedure for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which were analyzed for their morphology such as shape and size through UV–visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assays, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the AgNPs biosynthesis resulted in changes in FTIR spectra, depicting the rearrangement of numerous functional groups, while the nanoparticles themselves were shown to be stable, spherical, 10–17 nm in size. Also we investigated the antibacterial properties of biosynthesized AgNPs, obtained with C. annuum fruit extracts, against a common phytopathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. As was shown by zone inhibition assay, AgNPs showed dose-dependent 5.13–6.44 cm antibacterial activity, greatly exceeding the 4.98 cm inhibition area, produced by the precursor salt, AgNO3.
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Abbreviations
- AgNPs:
-
Silver nanoparticles
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- Cmm:
-
Clavibacter michiganensis Subsp. michiganensis
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalents
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- SPR:
-
Surface plasmon resonance
- TCC:
-
Total capsaicinoids content
- TPC:
-
Total phenolic content
- TFC:
-
Total flavonoids content
- TPAC:
-
Total phenolic acids content
- UV-vis:
-
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. M.A. Skoryk from G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the SEM investigation and Dr. M. Vuichyk from ISP NASU for IR measurements of biosynthesized solutions of AgNPs.
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Oleksandr Smirnov and Vitalii Kalynovskyi project conceptualization and edited the manuscript, Pavlina Zelena and Yuliia Yumyna designed the experiments with microorganisms, Volodymyr Dzhagan performed the FTIR analysis, Mariia Kovalenko wrote the first draft of the manuscript, Yevheniia Konotop and Nataliya Taran analyzed the manuscript contents and made the manuscript corrections. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Communicated by: Lukasz Stepien
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Smirnov, O., Kalynovskyi, V., Zelena, P. et al. Bactericidal activity of Ag nanoparticles biosynthesized from Capsicum annuum pericarps against phytopathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis. Sci Nat 110, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-023-01844-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-023-01844-x