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Unusually high-pitched neonate distress calls of the open-habitat Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) and their anatomical and hormonal predictors

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Abstract

In neonate ruminants, the acoustic structure of vocalizations may depend on sex, vocal anatomy, hormonal profiles and body mass and on environmental factors. In neonate wild-living Mongolian gazelles Procapra gutturosa, hand-captured during biomedical monitoring in the Daurian steppes at the Russian-Mongolian border, we spectrographically analysed distress calls and measured body mass of 22 individuals (6 males, 16 females). For 20 (5 male, 15 female) of these individuals, serum testosterone levels were also analysed. In addition, we measured relevant dimensions of the vocal apparatus (larynx, vocal folds, vocal tract) in one stillborn male Mongolian gazelle specimen. Neonate distress calls of either sex were high in maximum fundamental frequency (800–900 Hz), but the beginning and minimum fundamental frequencies were significantly lower in males than in females. Body mass was larger in males than in females. The levels of serum testosterone were marginally higher in males. No correlations were found between either body mass or serum testosterone values and any acoustic variable for males and females analysed together or separately. We discuss that the high-frequency calls of neonate Mongolian gazelles are more typical for closed-habitat neonate ruminants, whereas other open-habitat neonate ruminants (goitred gazelle Gazella subgutturosa, saiga antelope Saiga tatarica and reindeer Rangifer tarandus) produce low-frequency (<200 Hz) distress calls. Proximate cause for the high fundamental frequency of distress calls of neonate Mongolian gazelles is their very short, atypical vocal folds (4 mm) compared to the 7-mm vocal folds of neonate goitred gazelles, producing distress calls as low as 120 Hz.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the Daursky State Natural Biosphere Reserve for their help and support. We thank Gennady Shalikov for kindly providing the adult male rutting calls for comparison. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 12/1, Moscow, Russia, 119234

    Ilya A. Volodin

  2. Scientific Research Department, Moscow Zoo, Moscow, Russia

    Ilya A. Volodin & Elena V. Volodina

  3. Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, Germany

    Roland Frey

  4. Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, 76 Komsomolskaya Str., Nizhnii Tsasuchei, Ononskii District, Zabaikalskii Krai, Russia

    Vadim E. Kirilyuk

  5. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Pr., Moscow, Russia, 119071

    Sergey V. Naidenko

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Correspondence to Ilya A. Volodin.

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Ethical approval

All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All audio recordings and weighing of animals were conducted in tight cooperation with authorized bodies of Daursky State Natural Biosphere Reserve during biomedical monitoring. During our work, we strictly adhered to the special welfare instructions developed by the authorized bodies for work with Mongolian gazelles and to the “Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching” (Anim. Behav., 2006, 71, 245–253). No animal has suffered from our data collection. The data collection protocol no. 2011-36 was approved by the Committee of Bio-ethics of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

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The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant 14-14-00237 (to IV and EV).

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Communicated by: Sven Thatje

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ESM 1

Mongolian gazelle neonate male and female distress calls in the context of capture by a predator. (WAV 120 kb)

ESM 2

Mongolian gazelle male neonate distress call (first) and male adult rutting calls (second and third, intervals were shortened). (WAV 54 kb)

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Volodin, I.A., Volodina, E.V., Frey, R. et al. Unusually high-pitched neonate distress calls of the open-habitat Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) and their anatomical and hormonal predictors. Sci Nat 104, 50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-017-1471-7

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