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Induced resistance enzymes in wild plants–do ‘early birds’ escape from pathogen attack?

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Abstract

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) of plants to pathogens is a well-defined phenomenon. The underlying signalling pathways and its application in crop protection are intensively studied. However, most studies are conducted on crop plants or on Arabidopsis as a model plant. The taxonomic distribution of this phenomenon and its dependence on life history are thus largely unknown. We quantified activities of three classes of resistance-related enzymes in 18 plant species to investigate whether plants with varying life histories differ in their investment in disease resistance. Enzyme activities were quantified in untreated plants, and in plants induced with BION, a chemical resistance elicitor. All species showed constitutive activities of chitinase, peroxidase, or glucanase. However, constitutive chitinase activities varied by 30 times, and peroxidase by 50 times, among species. Several species did not respond to the induction treatment, while enzyme activities in other species increased more than threefold after BION application. Plant species differ dramatically in the presence and inducibility of resistance enzymes. This variation could be related to life history: While all resistance enzymes were significantly induced in larger perennial plants that flower during summer, spring geophytes hardly showed inducible resistance. These plants grow in an environment that is characterised by a low-pathogen pressure, and thus may simply ‘escape’ from infection. Our study presents the first comparative data set on resistance-related enzymes in noncultivated plants. The current view on SAR—narrowed by the concentration on cultivated crops—is not sufficient to understand the ecological and evolutionary relevance of this widespread plant trait.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Christian Kost for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, Rüdiger Dietrich and Karin Heil for practical help, and Wilhelm Boland for providing us with all facilities required for this study. The Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft, DFG (grant He3169/2-2,3,4) and the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft provided financial support.

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  1. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str 8, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Martin Heil & Kerstin Ploss

  2. Allgemeine Botanik/Pflanzenökologie, FB BioGeo, Universität Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45117, Essen, Germany

    Martin Heil

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  1. Martin Heil
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Correspondence to Martin Heil.

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Heil, M., Ploss, K. Induced resistance enzymes in wild plants–do ‘early birds’ escape from pathogen attack?. Naturwissenschaften 93, 455–460 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0129-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0129-7

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