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Gigantism in honeybees: Apis cerana queens reared in mixed-species colonies

Naturwissenschaften volume 93, Article number: 315 (2006) Cite this article

Abstract

The development of animals depends on both genetic and environmental effects to a varying extent. Their relative influences can be evaluated in the social insects by raising the intracolonial diversity to an extreme in nests consisting of workers from more than one species. In this study, we studied the effects of mixed honeybee colonies of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana on the rearing of grafted queen larvae of A. cerana. A. mellifera sealed worker brood was introduced into A. cerana colonies and on emergence, the adults were accepted. Then, A. cerana larvae were grafted for queen rearing into two of these mixed-species colonies. Similarly, A. cerana larvae and A. mellifera larvae were also grafted conspecifically as controls. The success rate of A. cerana queen rearing in the test colonies was 64.5%, surpassing all previous attempts at interspecific queen rearing. After emergence, all virgin queens obtained from the three groups (N=90) were measured morphometrically. The A. cerana queens from the mixed-species colonies differed significantly in size and pigmentation from the A. cerana control queens and closely approximated the A. mellifera queens. It is inferred that these changes in the A. cerana queens reared in the mixed-species colonies can be attributed to feeding by heterospecific nurse bees and/or chemical differences in royal jelly. Our data show a strong impact of environment on the development of queens. The results further suggest that in honeybees the cues for brood recognition can be learned by heterospecific workers after eclosion, thereby providing a novel analogy to slave making in ants.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their constructive comments. Financial support was granted by the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science and the Yunnan agricultural University of China to TK and by the DFG to PN.

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Affiliations

  1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650223, People’s Republic of China

    Ken Tan

  2. Eastern Bee research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Ken Tan, H. R. Hepburn, Shaoyu He, P. Neumann & Xiang Fang

  3. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

    H. R. Hepburn & P. Neumann

  4. Department of Statistics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

    S. E. Radloff

  5. Institut für Zoologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany

    P. Neumann

Authors
  1. Ken Tan
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  2. H. R. Hepburn
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  3. Shaoyu He
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  4. S. E. Radloff
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  5. P. Neumann
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  6. Xiang Fang
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Correspondence to H. R. Hepburn.

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Tan, K., Hepburn, H.R., He, S. et al. Gigantism in honeybees: Apis cerana queens reared in mixed-species colonies. Naturwissenschaften 93, 315 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0113-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0113-2

Keywords

  • Linear Discriminant Analysis
  • Royal Jelly
  • Virgin Queen
  • Host Coloni
  • Queen Rear