Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Muskelverletzungen treten im Profisport häufig auf, besonders im Fußball. Jüngste epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass Muskelverletzungen mehr als 30 % aller Verletzungen bei Profispielern ausmachen (1,8–2,2/1000 h Exposition). Auch wenn im europäischen Vergleich erhebliche Unterschiede bestehen, werden in einer professionellen Fußballmannschaft pro Saison durchschnittlich 12 Muskelverletzungen diagnostiziert; dies entspricht mehr als 300 verlorenen Sporttagen.
Ziel der Arbeit
Diagnostik, allgemeine Behandlung und das umfassende Management von Muskelverletzungen im Profifußball sollen dargestellt werden.
Material und Methoden
Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen, Erfahrungen der Autoren und Beispielen der täglichen Praxis im Management von Muskelverletzungen in einem professionellen Sportumfeld. Ein Modell zur stufenweisen Progression der Behandlung muskulärer Verletzungen und deren Rehabilitation wird vorgestellt. Da es aufgrund der besonderen Gegebenheiten des professionellen Sports in diesem Umfeld kaum möglich ist, nur streng leitliniengerecht zu handeln, werden die Erfahrungen der Autoren im Sinne der „best practice“ dargestellt, um bei zukünftigen Entscheidungsprozessen zu unterstützen.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Der zeitliche Druck im Profisportumfeld muss als hoch angesehen werden und wird häufig von Trainern und Medien verstärkt. Das in dieser Arbeit präsentierte Modell soll dabei helfen, Spieler möglichst rasch und ohne Rückfall- oder Folgeverletzung wieder in den Wettkampfsport zurückzuführen. Durch eine stufenweise Progression wird der Spieler in die Behandlung integriert. Ihm und den beteiligten Parteien soll so deutlich gemacht werden, welche Abfolge bei der Rehabilitation für die optimale Heilung entscheidend ist. Auch wenn das Risiko von Re- oder Folgeverletzungen nicht gänzlich ausgeschlossen werden kann, wird so immerhin die derzeit größtmögliche Sicherheit erreicht.
Abstract
Background
Muscle injuries are common in professional sports, especially in football. Recent epidemiological studies showed that muscle injuries account for more than 30% of professional football injuries (1.8–2.2/1000 h exposure); however, even though there are significant differences within a European comparison, a single professional football team diagnosed on average 12 muscle injuries per season, corresponding to more than 300 availability days lost.
Objective
The aim of this work is to present the diagnosis, general treatment and comprehensive management of muscle injuries in professional football.
Material and methods
The present work is based on current scientific findings, experiences of the authors and examples from routine practice in the management of muscle injuries in a professional sports environment.
Results and conclusion
The authors present a model of gradual progression for the treatment of muscular injuries and their rehabilitation. Due to the time-pressured nature of the professional sports environment, often promoted by coaches and media, this model could help lead players to recover as quickly as possible and return to competitive sports without relapse or sequel injury. This model integrates the player into the treatment plan. The progression sequences in the rehabilitation should be made clear to players and other parties involved, which are crucial for optimal healing. Even if absolute certainty cannot be achieved, i.e. the occurrence of re-injury or secondary injury, this model attempts to minimize the level of risk involved for the returning athlete. Since it is hardly possible to act strictly in line with more conservative guidelines due to the particular circumstances of the professional sport environment, the experiences of the authors are presented in the sense of best practice in order to support future decision-making processes.
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H. Riepenhof, R. Del Vescovo, J.-N. Droste, S. McAleer und A. Pietsch geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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S. Weber-Spickschen, Hannover
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Riepenhof, H., Del Vescovo, R., Droste, JN. et al. Muskelverletzungen im Profifußball. Unfallchirurg 121, 441–449 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-018-0501-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-018-0501-z