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Verletzungen der Hand durch Kampfsport

Hand injuries from combat sports

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Pro Jahr erleiden 3,1 % der erwachsenen Deutschen beim Sport einen Unfall; 75 % der Verletzten sind männliche Sportler mit einem Alter von 20–29 Jahren. Die obere Extremität ist in knapp über 20 % der Fälle betroffen. Ein Drittel dieser Verletzungen betreffen die Hand und die Finger.

Fragestellung

In Deutschland sind über eine halbe Million Sportler, mit steigender Tendenz, in Kampfsportverbänden organisiert. Kampfsportarten wird gemeinhin eine hohe Verletzungsgefahr für die Hand zugesprochen. Ziele dieser Arbeit waren die Überprüfung dieser Hypothese sowie die Beschreibung der typischen kampfsportassoziierten Handverletzungen.

Material und Methoden

Systematische Literaturrecherche (bis Januar 2015) in PubMed/Medline und der Cochrane Library sowie Ermittlung von Sekundärliteratur über die Literaturverzeichnisse.

Schlussfolgerung

Aussagekräftige vergleichende Studien zu Häufigkeit und Schwere von Handverletzungen, welche isoliert auf Kampfsporthandlungen zurückzuführen sind, können der aktuellen Literatur nicht entnommen werden. Das allgemeine Risiko für Sportverletzungen scheint beim Kampfsport im Vergleich zu anderen Sportarten eher gering zu sein. Boxen scheint für die obere Extremität und speziell die Hand aber die gefährlichste Sportart zu sein. Das Verletzungsmuster nach Faustschlägen (Notfallpatienten und Profiboxer) zeigt, dass über die Hälfte der schlaginduzierten Frakturen den 5. Mittelhandknochen betreffen, davon liegt in 25 % der Fälle die klassische „boxer’s fracture“ vor. Dies weicht deutlich von der Frakturverteilung nach allgemeinen sportassoziierten Handfrakturen ab, wo die Phalangen am Häufigsten betroffen sind. Zwei seltenere Krankheitsbilder, die als Folge wiederholter Faustschläge auftreten können, werden als „carpal bossing“ und „boxer’s knuckle“ bezeichnet. Bei beiden Krankheitsbildern sind exzellente Ergebnisse nach operativer Therapie beschrieben.

Abstract

Background

Each year 3.1 % of German adults suffer from accidents related to sports and 75 % of the injured athletes are male between 20 and 29 years old. The upper limbs are affected in more than 20 % of cases and one third of these injuries involve the hands and fingers.

Objectives

More than half a million athletes are organized in combat sport associations in Germany with an increasing trend. Combat sports are commonly said to have a high risk of injuries to the hand. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis as well as to describe typical hand injuries associated with combat sports.

Material and methods

A systematic review of literature (up to January 2015) in PubMed/Medline and The Cochrane Library as well as a secondary search in the reference lists were carried out.

Conclusion

Conclusive comparative studies on the incidence and severity of hand injuries directly related to combat sports action could not be found in the currently available literature. The overall risk of suffering from a sports injury seems to be relatively low in combat sports compared to other sports. Boxing, however, seems to be the most dangerous sport for injuries to the upper extremities and especially the hand. The injury pattern after punching (emergency patients and professional boxers) shows that more than half of these fractures affect the 5th metacarpal and 25 % of these are the classical boxer’s fracture. This differs significantly from the fracture distribution generally associated with sports, where fractures of the phalanges are the most common. Two rare conditions that may occur as a result of repeated punching are referred to as carpal bossing and boxer’s knuckle and excellent results are described for both injury forms after surgical therapy.

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Correspondence to W.A. Hanna.

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W.A. Hanna und P. Laier geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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M. Schädel-Höpfner, Neuss

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Hanna, W., Laier, P. Verletzungen der Hand durch Kampfsport. Unfallchirurg 118, 507–514 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-015-0014-y

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