Skip to main content
Log in

Komplikationsmanagement bei Megaprothesen

Management of complications in megaprostheses

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Unfallchirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Megaprothesen finden zunehmende Anwendung nach knöcherner Segmentresektion bei Knochensarkomen, Skelettmetastasen und bei ausgedehnten knöchernen Defekten in der Revisionsendoprothetik.

Fragestellung

Beschreibung der Inzidenz der häufigsten Komplikationen in der Megaprothetik. Darstellung des Komplikationsmanagements mitsamt Therapieempfehlungen.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche sowie das Einbringen eigener Erfahrungen zur Darstellung aktueller Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet des Komplikationsmanagements in der Megaprothetik.

Ergebnisse

Prospektiv-randomisierte Studien oder Metaanalysen fehlen zu diesem Thema. Die Literaturrecherche zeigt dennoch, dass neben dem Lokalrezidiv die periprothetische Infektion die gravierendste Komplikation darstellt. Der zweizeitige Prothesenwechsel ist weiterhin als Goldstandard zu betrachten, auch wenn in ausgesuchten Fällen ein einzeitiger Wechsel unter Belassung der Prothesenschäfte gerechtfertigt erscheint. Die periprothetische Infektion ist jedoch weiterhin mit einem nicht unerheblichen Risiko der sekundären Amputation vergesellschaftet. Mechanische Komplikationen wie der Verschleiß des Gelenkmechanismus bei megaprothetischem Ersatz des Kniegelenks und die aseptische Schaftlockerung sind in der Regel extremitätenerhaltend therapierbar. Eine Luxation eines proximalen Femurersatzes stellt bei Verwendung eines bi- oder tripolaren Pfannensystems die Ausnahme dar.

Schlussfolgerungen

Komplikationen in der Megaprothetik sind in den meisten Fällen durch Revisionsoperationen zu beherrschen.

Abstract

Background

Megaprostheses are frequently used after segmental resection of bone sarcomas, bone metastases, and in large osseous defects in revision arthroplasty.

Objectives

The incidence of the most common complications associated the use of megaprostheses are reported. The management of complications including therapeutic recommendations are described.

Materials and methods

The current knowledge and our own experience of complication management with the use of megaprostheses are presented.

Results

Prospective, randomized studies or meta-analyses on this topic are lacking. An analysis of the literature shows that beside the occurrence of a local recurrence, periprosthetic infection remains the most serious complication. Two-stage revision remains the gold standard, but a single-stage exchange of the prosthesis without removing the stems might be possible in selected cases. Infection is associated with a higher risk of secondary amputation. In contrast, mechanical failures (e.g., wear of the bushings in knee replacements and aseptic loosening of the stems) can be treated more easily. Dislocation of a proximal femur replacement can mostly be prevented by using bi- or tripolar cups.

Conclusions

Complications with the use of megaprostheses can be successfully treated by revision surgery in most cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4

Literatur

  1. Bickels J, Meller I, Henshaw RM et al (2000) Reconstruction of hip stability after proximal and total femur resections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 375:218–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bielack S, Jürgens H, Jundt G et al (2009) Osteosarcoma: the COSS experience. Cancer Treat Res 152:289–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Capanna R, Morris HG, Campanacci D et al (1994) Modular uncemented prosthetic reconstruction after resection of tumours of the distal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:178–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chandrasekar CR, Grimer RJ, Carter SR et al (2009) Modular endoprosthetic replacement for tumours of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br 91:108–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Donati D, Zavatta M, Gozzi E et al (2001) Modular prosthetic replacement of the proximal femur after resection of a bone tumour. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:1156–1160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ercolano LB, Christensen T, McGough R et al (2013) Treatment solutions are unclear for perimegaprosthetic infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471:3204–3213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Espehaug B, Furnes O, Engesaeter LB et al (2009) 18 years of results with cemented primary hip prostheses in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register: concerns about some newer implants. Acta Orthop 80:402–412

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Finstein JL, King JJ, Fox EJ et al (2007) Bipolar proximal femoral replacement prostheses for musculoskeletal neoplasms. Clin Orthop Relat Res 459:66–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Funovics PT, Hipfl C, Hofstaetter JG et al (2011) Management of septic complications following modular endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal femur. Int Orthop 35:1437–1444

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gebhart M, Shumelinsky F (2012) Management of periprosthetic fractures in patients treated with a megaprosthesis for malignant bone tumours around the knee. Acta Orthop Belg 78:558–563

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gosheger G, Gebert C, Ahrens H et al (2006) Endoprosthetic reconstruction in 250 patients with sarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 450:164–171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Gøthesen O, Espehaug B, Havelin L et al (2013) Survival rates and causes of revision in cemented primary total knee replacement: a report from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1994–2009. J Bone Joint Surg 95:636–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Grimer RJ, Carter SR, Tillmann RM et al (1999) Endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:488–494

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Grimer RJ, Belthur M, Chandrasekar CR (2002) Two-stage revision for infected endoprostheses used in tumor surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 395:193–203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hardes J, Gebert C, Hillmann A et al (2003) The value of rotationplasty today in the treatment of primary malignant bone tumors. Possibilities and limitations. Orthopade 11:965–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hardes J, Gebert C, Schwappach A et al (2006) Characteristics and outcome of infections associated with tumor endoprostheses. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 126:289–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hardes J, Eiff C von, Streitbuerger A et al (2010) Reduction of periprosthetic infection with silver-coated megaprostheses in patients with bone sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 101:389–395

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Henderson ER, Groundland JS, Pala E et al (2011) Failure mode classification for tumor endoproatheses: retrospective review of five institutions and a literature review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93:418–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Holzer G, Windhager R, Kotz R (1997) One-stage revision surgery for infected megaprostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Br 79:31–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jeys LM, Grimer RJ, Carter SR et al (2003) Risk of amputation following limb salvage surgery with endoprosthetic replacement, in a consecutive series of 1261 patients. Int Orthop 27:160–163

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Jeys LM, Grimer RJ, Carter SR et al (2005) Periprosthetic infection in patients treated for an orthopaedic oncological condition. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:842–849

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Jeys LM, Luscombe JS, Grimer RJ et al (2007) The risks and benefits of radiotherapy with massive endoprosthetic replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89:1352–1355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Leonard HA, Liddle AD, Burke O (2014) Single- or two-stage revision for infected total hip arthroplasty? A Systematic review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472(3):1036–1042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kumar D, Grimer RJ, Abudu A et al (2003) Endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal humerus. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85:717–722

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Mittermayer F, Krepler P, Dominkus M et al (2001) Long-term followup of uncemented tumor endoprostheses for the lower extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res 388:167–177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Myers GJ, Abudu AT, Carter SR et al (2007) Endoprosthetic replacement of the distal femur for bone tumours: long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89:521–526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Pala E, Henderson ER, Calabro T et al (2013) Survival of current production tumor endoprostheses: complications, functional results, and a comparative statistical analysis. J Surg Oncol 108:403–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Plotz W, Rechl H, Burgkart R et al (2002) Limb salvage with tumor endoprostheses for malignant tumors of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 405:207–215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Van Egmond PW, Taminiau AH, Heide HJ van der (2013) Hemiarthroplasties in young patients with osteonecrosis or a tumour of the proximal femur; an observational cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14:31. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-31

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. J. Hardes, H. Ahrens, G. Gosheger, M. Nottrott, R. Dieckmann, M.-P. Henrichs und A. Streitbürger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Hardes.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hardes, J., Ahrens, H., Gosheger, G. et al. Komplikationsmanagement bei Megaprothesen. Unfallchirurg 117, 607–613 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-013-2477-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-013-2477-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation