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Auswirkungen von Krafttraining auf den Gelenkknorpel

Effect of power training on articular cartilage

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Zusammenfassung

Hyaliner Gelenkknorpel besteht zum größten Teil aus Wasser, welches unter Kompression in den Gelenkspalt reversibel abgegeben wird, sodass die Reibung zwischen den Knorpeloberflächen minimiert wird. Der Wassergehalt wird von durch Chondrozyten gebildeten Proteoglykanen reguliert. Bei einer übermäßigen Belastung des Knorpels finden sich Rupturen in der kollagenen Knorpelmatrix, die zu einem irreversiblen Wasserverlust führen, wodurch das Knorpelgewebe an Elastizität verliert. Krafttraining sollte zu einer Belastung des Knorpels unterhalb der Rupturgrenze der Kollagenmatrix führen, da die Anpassungsfähigkeit von hyalinem Knorpel an erhöhte Belastungen stark limitiert ist. Besteht eine arthrotische Vorschädigung des Knorpels, ist die Belastbarkeit der Knorpelmatrix signifikant herabgesetzt, was beim Krafttraining berücksichtigt werden sollte.

Abstract

Hyaline articular cartilage consists mainly of water, which is reversibly transferred to the joint space under compression to reduce friction between the cartilage surfaces. This water content is regulated by proteoglycanes, which are produced by chondrocytes. Under excessive compression of the cartilage surface the collagen matrix ruptures and water is irreversibly transferred into the joint space, which reduces the elasticity of cartilage tissue. Power training should lead to a submaximal loading of cartilage below the rupture limit as the capacity of cartilage tissue to adapt to higher loads is limited. When the cartilage tissue shows osteoarthritic changes the loading capacity of the cartilage matrix is significantly reduced, which should be taken into consideration during power training.

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Correspondence to S. Ostermeier.

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Ostermeier, S. Auswirkungen von Krafttraining auf den Gelenkknorpel. Unfallchirurg 112, 386–389 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-009-1620-3

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