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Diagnostik und Therapiestrategie bei Weichteilsarkomen

Diagnostics and treatment strategies for soft tissue sarcomas

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Zusammenfassung

Im Vergleich zu anderen Tumorerkrankungen sind Weichteilsarkome (WTS) mit 1% aller Neoplasien in den meisten chirurgischen und chirurgisch-orthopädischen Abteilungen selten. Dies beinhaltet die Gefahr, dass trotz eines allgemein hohen operativ-technischen Niveaus spezielle Kenntnis und Erfahrung über Therapiemöglichkeiten beim WTS unzureichend sind, weswegen optimale diagnostische und multimodale therapeutische Strategien oft nicht angewendet werden. Bei der Diagnostik von WTS des Erwachsenen (Extremitäten, Becken, Retroperitoneum und Körperstamm) stellt die MRT die Untersuchungsmethode der ersten Wahl dar. Die Biopsie, welche in dafür geschulten Behandlungszentren vorgenommen werden sollte, hat durch die Determinierung zytogenetischer Faktoren zunehmend prognostische Bedeutung. In der Therapie der WTS müssen multimodale Therapiekonzepte (Strahlentherapie, Chemotherapie, Resektion etc.) zur Anwendung kommen. Die Entscheidung, in welcher Reihenfolge zueinander die einzelnen Therapien angewendet werden, muss durch ein spezialisiertes „Panel“ getroffen werden. Zur Durchführung der meist komplexen Operationen müssen alle beteiligten Fachrichtungen integriert sein. Die Aufbereitung des Operationspräparates erfordert besondere Beachtung, da deren Qualität für die Beurteilung der Resektionsränder entscheidend ist. Durch Anwendung multimodaler Therapiekonzepte lässt sich die höchste lokale Tumorkontrolle verbunden mit Funktions- und Extremitätenerhalt erreichen, ohne dass die Gesamtprognose dadurch kompromittiert wird. Die alleinige Tumorresektion ohne Evaluation und Anwendung dieser Therapiestrategien ist deswegen nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Nach Abschluss der Primärbehandlung müssen alle Patienten in das standardisierte Nachsorgeprogramm aufgenommen werden.

Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a rare entity of all malignant tumors (1%). Thus, an in-depth understanding of multidisciplinary treatment strategies may not be sufficiently present at all operative units. Consecutively, optimal diagnostic and therapeutical pathways may not be applied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the procedure of choice in diagnosing STS. Biopsies should be performed in specialized centers. Identification of cytogenetic factors has become more important for the typing and prognosis of STS. Management of STS should employ multimodal treatment concepts (Oncology, Radiotherapy, Surgical Oncology). The decision on whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy or another option is indicated should be taken by an interdisciplinary tumor board, which also determines the sequence of treatment in relation to resection. To obtain sufficient information from histopathologic examination of the resected tumor, a clear and distinct definition of critical margins and topography by the surgeon is essential. Following these concepts, optimal local tumor control associated with resections preserving function and limbs is achieved without impairment of overall prognosis. Tumor resection alone, without previous evaluation and where appropriate adopting multimodal treatment strategies, no longer meets modern standards. After primary treatment is complete, patients have to be enrolled in a standardized follow-up program.

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Taeger, G., Ruchholtz, S., Schütte, J. et al. Diagnostik und Therapiestrategie bei Weichteilsarkomen. Unfallchirurg 107, 601–618 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0806-y

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