Zusammenfassung
Im Vergleich zu anderen Tumorerkrankungen sind Weichteilsarkome (WTS) mit 1% aller Neoplasien in den meisten chirurgischen und chirurgisch-orthopädischen Abteilungen selten. Dies beinhaltet die Gefahr, dass trotz eines allgemein hohen operativ-technischen Niveaus spezielle Kenntnis und Erfahrung über Therapiemöglichkeiten beim WTS unzureichend sind, weswegen optimale diagnostische und multimodale therapeutische Strategien oft nicht angewendet werden. Bei der Diagnostik von WTS des Erwachsenen (Extremitäten, Becken, Retroperitoneum und Körperstamm) stellt die MRT die Untersuchungsmethode der ersten Wahl dar. Die Biopsie, welche in dafür geschulten Behandlungszentren vorgenommen werden sollte, hat durch die Determinierung zytogenetischer Faktoren zunehmend prognostische Bedeutung. In der Therapie der WTS müssen multimodale Therapiekonzepte (Strahlentherapie, Chemotherapie, Resektion etc.) zur Anwendung kommen. Die Entscheidung, in welcher Reihenfolge zueinander die einzelnen Therapien angewendet werden, muss durch ein spezialisiertes „Panel“ getroffen werden. Zur Durchführung der meist komplexen Operationen müssen alle beteiligten Fachrichtungen integriert sein. Die Aufbereitung des Operationspräparates erfordert besondere Beachtung, da deren Qualität für die Beurteilung der Resektionsränder entscheidend ist. Durch Anwendung multimodaler Therapiekonzepte lässt sich die höchste lokale Tumorkontrolle verbunden mit Funktions- und Extremitätenerhalt erreichen, ohne dass die Gesamtprognose dadurch kompromittiert wird. Die alleinige Tumorresektion ohne Evaluation und Anwendung dieser Therapiestrategien ist deswegen nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Nach Abschluss der Primärbehandlung müssen alle Patienten in das standardisierte Nachsorgeprogramm aufgenommen werden.
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a rare entity of all malignant tumors (1%). Thus, an in-depth understanding of multidisciplinary treatment strategies may not be sufficiently present at all operative units. Consecutively, optimal diagnostic and therapeutical pathways may not be applied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the procedure of choice in diagnosing STS. Biopsies should be performed in specialized centers. Identification of cytogenetic factors has become more important for the typing and prognosis of STS. Management of STS should employ multimodal treatment concepts (Oncology, Radiotherapy, Surgical Oncology). The decision on whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy or another option is indicated should be taken by an interdisciplinary tumor board, which also determines the sequence of treatment in relation to resection. To obtain sufficient information from histopathologic examination of the resected tumor, a clear and distinct definition of critical margins and topography by the surgeon is essential. Following these concepts, optimal local tumor control associated with resections preserving function and limbs is achieved without impairment of overall prognosis. Tumor resection alone, without previous evaluation and where appropriate adopting multimodal treatment strategies, no longer meets modern standards. After primary treatment is complete, patients have to be enrolled in a standardized follow-up program.
Literatur
Bauer S, Schütte J (2002) Stellenwert neoadjuvanter Therapieverfahren und adjuvanter Chemotherapie in der Behandlung von Weichgewebssarkomen. Onkologe 8:334–341
Billingsley K, Burt M, Jara E et al. (1999) Pulmonary metastasis from soft tissue sarcoma-analysis of patterns of disease and postmetastasis survival. Ann Surg 229:602
Coindre J, Trojani M, Contesso G et al. (1986) Reproducibility of a histopathologic grading system for adult soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 58:306–309
DeLaney T, Spiro I, Suit H et al. (2003) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large extremity soft-tissue sarcomas. Int J Radiat Int J Oncol Biol Phys 56:1117–1127
Demas B, Heelan R, Lane J, Marcove R et al. (1998) Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: comparison of MR and CT in determining the extent of disease. AJR 150:615
Eggermont A, Schraffordt Koops H, Liènard D et al. (1996) Isolated limb perfusion with high dose tumor necrosis factor-α in combination with Interferon-gamma and Melphalan for nonresectable extremity soft tissue sarcomas: a multicenter trial. J Clin Oncol 14:2653–2665
Frustaci S, Gherlinzoni F, De Paoli A et al. (2001) Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian randomized cooperative trial. J Clin Oncol 19:1238–1247
Gaynor J, Tan C, Casper E, Collin C et al. (1992) Refinement of clinicopathologic staging for localized soft tisue sarcoma of the extremity: a study of 423 adults. J Clin Oncol 10:1317
Hohenberger P, Kettelhack C, Tunn P, Schlag P (2002) Neue Entwicklungen der chirurgischen Therapie von Weichgewebssarkomen. Onkologe 8:342–353
Hoos A, lewis J, Brennan M (2000) Weichgewebssarkome—Prognostische Faktoren und mulimodale Therapie. Chirurg 71:787–794
Issels R (1995) Soft tissue sarcomas—what is currently being done. Eur J Surgical Oncol 21
Junginger T, Kettelhack C, Schönfelder M et al. (2001) Therapeutische Strategien bei malignen Weichteiltumoren: Ergebnisse der Weichteiltumor-Registerstudie der CAO. Chirurg 72:138–148
Khanfir K, Alzieu L, Terrier P et al. (2003) Does adjuvant radiation therapy increase loco-regional control after optimal resection of soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities? Eur J Cancer 39:1872–1880
Kim S, Lewis J, Brennan M, Woodruff M et al. (1998) Overexpression of cyclin D1 is associated with poor prognosis in extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 4:2377
Lejeune F, Pujol N, Lienard D et al. (2000) Limb salvage by neoadjuvant isolated perfusion with TNFalpha and melphalan for non-resectable soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Eur J Surg Oncol 26:669–678
Lewis J, Leung D, Woodruff J, Brennan M (1998) Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma-analysis of 500 patients treated and followed at a single institution. Ann Surg 228:355
Lewis J, Leung D, Casper E, Woodruff J (1999) Multifactorial analysis of long-term follow-up (more than 5 years) of primary extremity sarcoma. Arch Surg 134:190
Lewis J, Leung D, Espat J et al. (2000) Effect of reresection in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg 231:655–663
Mankin H, Mankin C, Simon M (1996) The hazards of biopsy, revisited. J Bone Joint Surg 78-A
Mazeron J, Suit H (1987) Lymph nodes as sites of metastases from sarcoma of soft tissue. Cancer 60:1800–1808
Mccarter M, Jaques D, Brennan M (2002) Randomized clinical trials in soft tissue sarcoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 11:11–22
McKee M, Liu D, Brooks J et al. (2004) The prognostic significance of margin width for extremity and trunk sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 85:68–76
O’Sullivan B, Davis A, Turcotte R et al. (2002) Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomised trial. Lancet 359:2235–2241
Pisters P, Leung D, Woodruff J et al. (1996) Analysis of prognostic factors in 1041 patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. J Clin Oncol 14:1679–1689
Rosenberg S, Tepper J, Glatstein E et al. (1982) The treatment of soft-tissue-sarcoma of the extremities. Prospective randomized evaluation of limb sparing surgery plus radiation therapy compared with amputation and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 196:305–315
Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration (1997) Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft-tissue sarcoma of adults: meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet 350:1647–1654
Sreekantaiah C, Landanyi M, Rodriguez E et al. (1994) Chromosomal aberrations in soft tissue tumors. Relevance to diagnosis, classification, and molecular mechanisms. Am J Pathol 144:1121–1134
Stojadinovic A, Leung D, Hoos A et al. (2002) Analysis of the prognostic significance of microscopic margins in 2084 localized primary adult soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Surg 235:424–434
Strander H, Turesson I, Cavallin-Stahl E (2003) A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in soft tissue sarcomas. Acta Oncol 42:516–531
Tepper J, Suit H (1985) Radiation therapy alone or sarcoma of soft tissue. Cancer 56:475
Zagars G, Ballo M, Pisters P et al. (2003) Preoperative vs. postoperative radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma: a retrospective comparative evaluation of disease outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 56:482–488
Zagars GK, Ballo MT, Pisters PW et al. (2003) Surgical margins and reresection in the management of patients with soft tissue sarcoma using conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Cancer 97:2544–2553
Interessenkonflikt:
Keine Angaben
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Taeger, G., Ruchholtz, S., Schütte, J. et al. Diagnostik und Therapiestrategie bei Weichteilsarkomen. Unfallchirurg 107, 601–618 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0806-y
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0806-y