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Fußverletzung als seltene Ursache einer Scedosporiose mit letalem Ausgang

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Zusammenfassung

Nach Suizidversuch mit Sprung aus 5 m Höhe zog sich ein 33-jähriger Mann ein geschlossenes Schädel-Hirn-Trauma mit Subarachnoidalblutung, eine instabile Berstungsfraktur des 2. Lendenwirbelkörpers sowie eine Ablederungsverletzung der rechten Ferse zu. Nach operativer Versorgung entwickelte sich bei dem komatösen Patienten eine Wundheilungsstörung im Bereich der Fußverletzung, die 10 Tage später revidiert wurde. Histologisch wurden Pilzelemente beobachtet und Scedosporium apiospermum kulturell nachgewiesen. Unter systemischer antimykotischer Therapie mit Itraconazol (800 mg/Tag) wurde in den folgenden 2 Wochen wiederholt Scedosporium apiospermum aus Wundproben isoliert. Nach 4 Wochen zeigte sich radiologisch eine Osteomyelitis des rechten Fersenbeins, die eine erneute Herdsanierung erforderte. Kernspintomographisch trat 5 Tage später eine abszessverdächtige Struktur im Bereich des Hinterhorns des linken Seitenventrikels auf. Itraconazol wurde durch Voriconazol (4 mg/kg KG) ersetzt. Aus der neurochirurgisch entfernten Abszesskapsel wurde ebenfalls Scedosporium apiospermum nachgewiesen. Computertomographische Verlaufskontrollen ergaben ein Fortschreiten der abszessartigen Läsionen der Hirnsubstanz. Nach 78 Tagen intensivmedizinischer Behandlung verstarb der weiterhin komatöse Patient aufgrund einer zerebralen Blutung. Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Bodenproben aus der Umgebung des Unfallorts wiesen Scedosporium apiospermum nach.

Abstract

After an attempted suicide with a fall from a height of 5 m, a 33 year old male suffered a subarachnoidal haemorrhage, an instable fracture of the second lumbar vertebra as well as a soft-tissue decollément in the vicinity of the right heel. Despite surgical management, the comatose patient showed slow wound-healing of the heel, making revision-surgery necessary 10 days after the first treatment. Fungi were histologically recognised, and subsequent culturing identified Scedosporium apiospermum. Systemic antimycotic therapy with itraconazol (800 mg/d) was immediately initiated. Despite this, S. apiospermum was repeatedly found in wound swabs over the following 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, a radiographically verified osteomyelitis of the calcaneus was diagnosed and local debridement was once again performed. After 5 days, an MRI of the cranium suggested an abscess in the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Itraconazol was altered to voriconazol (4 mg/kg body weight). Neurosurgical opening of the abscess and subsequent culturing once again showed S. apiospermum. CT-scans performed over the following period showed an increase in lesions in the brain suggestive for numerous abscesses. At 78 days after the initial trauma, the still comatose patient died due to a massive cerebral haemorrhage. Microbiological assessment of the soil at the site of injury revealed S. apiospermum.

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Pennekamp, P.H., Diedrich, O., Zhou, H. et al. Fußverletzung als seltene Ursache einer Scedosporiose mit letalem Ausgang. Unfallchirurg 106, 865–868 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-003-0652-3

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