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Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen

Autism spectrum disorders

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Zusammenfassung

Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS; nach ICD-10: „tief greifende Entwicklungsstörungen“, TE) sind durch eine lebenslang persistierende soziale Kommunikationsstörung charakterisiert. Menschen mit ASS haben mehr oder weniger große Schwierigkeiten, sozial bedeutsame Zusammenhänge zu verstehen und das eigene Verhalten darauf abstimmen zu können. Darüber hinaus gelten ASS als neurobiologisch bedingte Störungen, die einem starken genetischen Einfluss unterliegen. Besonders wichtig für ein grundsätzliches Verständnis von ASS ist es, die hohe Heterogenität von ASS anzuerkennen. Die Spannbreite reicht von Menschen mit schwerer geistiger Behinderung, ohne Sprachvermögen und mit erheblichen Funktionseinschränkungen im Alltag bis zu kognitiv äußerst gut Begabten mit hohem Sprach- und Ausdrucksvermögen sowie guten Fähigkeiten zur Selbstständigkeit.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD; ICD-10: pervasive developmental disorder, PDD) are characterized by persistent features of social communication deficits. People with ASD have varying degrees of difficulty in understanding social contexts and adapting their behavior accordingly. The etiology of ASD is commonly described as a genetic predisposition combined with environmental influences. It is characterized by heterogeneity of presentation, ranging from individuals with severe mental retardation, poor language and adaptive skills, to those with good or very good cognitive and language skills and good chances of independent living and employment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Luise Poustka

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  1. Luise Poustka
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Correspondence to Luise Poustka.

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L. Poustka erhielt Vortragshonorare von Takeda, Medice und Infectopharm. Sie erhält Forschungsförderung von BMBF, DFG, FWF und EU sowie Autorenhonorare von Hogrefe, Kohlhammer und Schattauer.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von der Autorin keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Poustka, L. Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 171, 231–238 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-023-01700-2

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