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Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie im Kindesalter

Community-acquired pneumonia in childhood

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Zusammenfassung

Nach Angaben der World Health Organization (WHO) ist die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie („community acquired penumonia“, CAP) weltweit für 15 % der Todesfälle bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren verantwortlich und verursacht jährlich 922.000 Todesfälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen aller Altersgruppen (www.who.int). Die CAP ist weltweit eine der häufigsten Infektionserkrankungen und auch in Europa ein häufiger Grund für ambulante Vorstellungen und stationäre Behandlungen. Die Erkrankung ist definiert als eine ambulant erworbene Entzündung des Lungenparenchyms bei einem zuvor Gesunden. Klinisch stellt die CAP eine Herausforderung dar, weil die Symptome meist unspezifisch sind, mit dem Patientenalter variieren und die Ätiologie meist unklar ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die Daten zum Management der CAP bei ansonsten gesunden Kindern jenseits der Neugeborenenperiode zusammen. Dabei bezieht er sich im Wesentlichen auf die aktuelle Leitlinie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie (GPP) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI), die Leitlinien der British Thoracic Society und weitere Literatur aus PubMed. In Deutschland wird derzeit eine Studie zur CAP im Kindesalter durchgeführt (pedCAPNETZ), die zu einer Verbesserung der Datenlage für Deutschland und einer Verbesserung der Diagnostik und Therapie bei CAP im Kindesalter beitragen soll.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is responsible for 15% of deaths in children under 5 years old worldwide and causes 922,000 deaths annually in children and adolescents of all age groups (www.who.int). The CAP is one of the most frequent infectious diseases worldwide and even in Europe is a frequent reason for outpatient presentation and inpatient treatment. The disease is defined as a community acquired inflammation of the lung parenchyma in previously healthy persons. The CAP represents a clinical challenge because the symptoms are mostly unspecific, vary with the age of the patient and the etiology is mostly unclear. This article gives an update on the management of CAP in otherwise healthy children outside the neonatal period. It is essentially based on the current guidelines of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) published by the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP) and the German Society of Pediatric Infectiology (DGPI), the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society and further literature from PubMed. The German study on pediatric CAP (pedCAP) aims to collect data on CAP in children in Germany and to improve diagnostic and treatment of CAP in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    G. Hansen, M. Wetzke, U. Baumann & N. Schwerk

  2. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Elisabeth-Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Deutschland

    J. Seidenberg

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  1. G. Hansen
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  2. M. Wetzke
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  3. U. Baumann
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  4. N. Schwerk
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  5. J. Seidenberg
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Correspondence to G. Hansen.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Wetzke, N. Schwerk, J. Seidenberg und G. Hansen geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Die pedCAPNETZ-Studie wird von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Rahmen des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenerkrankungen, Standort BREATH (Hannover) gefördert; G. Hansen ist „Principle Investigator“ und Vorstandsmitglied. U. Baumann hat Referentenhonorare und Reisekostenerstattungen der Impfstoffhersteller AstraZeneca, Pfizer und Sanofi Pasteur MSD erhalten.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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G. Hansen, Hannover

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Hansen, G., Wetzke, M., Baumann, U. et al. Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie im Kindesalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 166, 16–23 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-017-0418-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-017-0418-6

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