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M.Pompe im Kindesalter

Aktueller Stand der Diagnostik und Therapie

Pompe’s disease in childhood

Current state of diagnostics and treatment

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Zusammenfassung

Der M.Pompe ist eine seltene Stoffwechselerkrankung, bei der es durch Defizienz der lysosomalen α-Glukosidase zur pathologischen Speicherung von Glykogen zunächst in den Lysosomen, später auch im Zytoplasma der Zelle kommt. Je nach Alter bei Beginn und Art der klinischen Symptomatik können klassisch infantile und später beginnende kindliche, juvenile und adulte Formen unterschieden werden. Der Schweregrad der Erkrankung hängt wesentlich von der In-vivo-Restaktivität des Enzyms ab, die wiederum durch die Art der GAA-Gen-Veränderung bestimmt wird. Seit 2006 ist eine Enzymersatztherapie verfügbar, doch ist das Ansprechen sehr variabel. Zudem führt das verlängerte Überleben von Patienten mit infantiler Verlaufsform zu Symptomen und Problemen, die bisher bei dieser Erkrankung nicht bekannt waren. Im Folgenden werden Empfehlungen für ein sinnvolles diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen gegeben. Dies soll es behandelnden Ärzten erlauben, betroffene Kinder trotz der Seltenheit der Erkrankung auf höchstem fachlichem Niveau zu behandeln. Die Komplexität des Krankheitsbildes und die immer noch hohe Morbidität und Mortalität erfordern ein multidisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept und machen die Anbindung an ein Zentrum mit Erfahrung in der Betreuung von Kindern mit M.Pompe sinnvoll.

Abstract

Pompe’s disease is a rare metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal α-glucosidase. Reduced enzyme activity results in abnormal glycogen deposition in the lysosome and subsequently in the cytoplasma of the cell. Infantile, childhood, juvenile, and adult forms are differentiated according to age at onset and clinical symptoms. Age at manifestation and severity of the disease mainly depend on residual in vivo enzyme activity, which is strongly related to the type of GAA-gene mutation. Enzyme replacement has been available for all types of Pompe’s disease since 2006, but response to treatment is highly variable. Moreover, prolonged survival of infantile patients has resulted in symptoms and problems not encountered previously in this disorder. The aim of this report is to make recommendations for reasonable initial diagnostic tests and follow-up investigations, and to provide an overview about essential therapeutic measures. This should enable pediatricians to treat affected children at the highest professional level despite the rarity of the disease. Complexity of the disorder, high morbidity and mortality require a multidisciplinary approach and render co-supervision by a center experienced in the care of these patients necessary.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist für sich und seine Koautoren auf folgende Beziehung hin: A. Hahn hat Honorare für Referententätigkeit von Genzyme, Deutschland, erhalten.

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Hahn, A., Hennermann, J., Marquardt, T. et al. M.Pompe im Kindesalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 160, 1243–1250 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-012-2789-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-012-2789-z

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