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Funktionelle Motilitätsstörungen

Functional disorders of gastrointestinal motility

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Zusammenfassung

Funktionelle Motilitätsstörungen, insbesondere die nichtorganische Obstipation, sind häufig. Fehlende Ausbildung der Ärzte, Zeitmangel und inadäquate Entgeltstrukuren verhindern häufig einen sachgerechten Umgang mit diesem Problem. Bei über 90% der betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen findet sich keine organische Ursache. Der Teufelskreis des schmerzhaften Stuhlgangs, der Stuhlvermeidungsstrategien, des sekundär erweiterten Rektums und die verlorengegangene rektale Compliance (gastrokolischer Reflex) muss früh an mehreren Stellen gleichzeitig und konsequent durchbrochen werden. Eine ausführliche Aufklärung und Schulung der Familie und des Kindes stehen an erster Stelle. Dann muss der Kotstau effektiv und schonend beseitigt werden mit Sorbitklysmen oder neuerdings oraler Desimpaktion mittels Makrogolen. Letzteres ist auch am besten geeignet, den Stuhl anhaltend weich zu halten. Das Einüben einer Alltagsroutine unter Nutzung des gastrokolischen Reflexes (Stuhlgang nach dem Essen) ist essenziell. Eine mediterrane Kost, nicht zu viel Süßigkeiten und Milch, ausreichend Sport und Bewegung und limitierte „Bildschirmzeiten“ gehören zur erforderlichen Änderung des Lebensstils.

Abstract

Functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as constipation are frequent reasons to consult a pediatrician but lack of training, lack of time and scarce financial resources often prevent adequate treatment. In over 90% of constipated children no organic cause can be found. The vicious circle of painful defecation, withholding of stools and the loss of rectal compliance has to be disrupted early. Education of the child and the parents, disimpaction and stool softening with macrogols over months or maybe years are essential components of solving the problem. A Mediterranean diet, not too many sweets and milk or milk products, sufficient physical exercise and restricted television and computer times are further important tools.

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Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: Erhalt von Honoraren für Vorträge von der Fa. Norgine.

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Correspondence to K.-M. Keller.

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Keller, KM. Funktionelle Motilitätsstörungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 159, 1200–1205 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-011-2490-7

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