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Kontrazeption bei Jugendlichen

Contraception specific to adolescents

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Zusammenfassung

Die Beratung von Jugendlichen über Kontrazeption unterscheidet sich grundsätzlich von der von Erwachsenen. Unsicherheit und häufig auch Unwissenheit gegenüber der Sexualität sind bei jungen Menschen groß. Es fällt ihnen oft schwer, mit dem Arzt/der Ärztin darüber zu sprechen und fachlichen Rat einzuholen. Ziel der Beratung ist, Jugendliche so aufzuklären und Verhütungsmethoden so genau zu erläutern, dass ungeplante Teenagerschwangerschaften oder Schwangerschaftsabbrüche vermieden werden können. Erste Wahl in der Schwangerschaftsverhütung bei Jugendlichen ist eine Kombination aus hormoneller Kontrazeption (meist Pille) und Kondom. Dabei kommt zum hohen Verhütungsschutz der Pille der Schutz vor sexuell übertragbaren Erkrankungen (häufiger Partnerwechsel) hinzu. Zuvor ist eine genaue Anamnese sowohl zu Kontraindikationen als auch zu Wechselwirkungen durchzuführen. Nebenwirkungen und Risiken (v. a. das erhöhte Thromboserisiko) müssen in der Beratung angesprochen werden.

Abstract

Counseling adolescents on contraception is fundamentally different from counseling adults. On the one hand teenagers are uncertain or even ignorant about their first sexual experiences and on the other hand they find it hard to discuss the problem with doctors and to seek their advice. When counseling adolescents doctors should aim at informing them thoroughly about contraception and explaining all the methods of contraception in order to avoid unwanted teenage pregnancies or induced abortions, which could have far-reaching implications for their further life. To avoid teenage pregnancy a combination of hormonal contraception and condoms is the best method at hand. It allows a high level of safety as well as protection from sexually transmitted diseases which occur frequently in this age group. First of all, a precise patient report as to contraindications and interactions must be carried out including information on side-effects and risks, in particular the risk of thromboembolism.

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Möstl, E., Maier, B. Kontrazeption bei Jugendlichen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 159, 875–885 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-011-2459-6

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