Skip to main content
Log in

Tachykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Diagnose und Therapie

Tachycardias in infants and children

Diagnosis and treatment

  • CME Weiterbildung · Zertifizierte Fortbildung
  • Published:
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Unter den tachykarden Rhythmusstörungen ist die paroxysmale, supraventrikuläre Tachykardie (PSVT) mit einer Inzidenz von 0,1–0,4% die häufigste Arrhythmie, ventrikuläre Tachykardien treten weitaus seltener auf. Meist handelt es sich um eine atrioventrikuläre (AV) Reentrytachykardie (AVRT) unter Einbeziehung einer akzessorischen Bahn oder um eine AV-nodale Reentrytachykardie (AVNRT). Adenosin, welches selektiv die AV-Überleitung kurzfristig blockiert, wird bei beiden Formen erfolgreich zur Tachykardieterminierung eingesetzt. Neben der antiarrhythmischen Therapie als Rezidivprophylaxe gewinnt die elektrophysiologische Untersuchung mit Ablation als kuratives Verfahren bei Kindern, die älter als 5 Jahre sind, mit primären Erfolgsraten zwischen 86% und 97% zunehmend an Bedeutung. Eine frühzeitige Kontaktaufnahme mit einem pädiatrischen Elektrophysiologiezentrum ist zu empfehlen.

Abstract

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common type of tachyarrhythmia occurring with an incidence of 0.1–0.4%. The occurrence of ventricular tachycardia is significantly lower in children and adults. The most frequent types of SVT in children are atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) mediated by an accessory pathway and AV-nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) using fibres with different conduction capacities (dual physiology of the AV-node). Both types can be successfully terminated with adenosine which selectively blocks conduction through the AV-node. Long-term pharmacological therapy represents one therapeutic option for recurrent episodes of SVT but it is increasingly being replaced by radiofrequency catheter ablation, which represents a curative treatment of SVT with success rates between 86% and 97%, especially when applied in children older than 5 years. Thus, long-term management of children with tachyarrhythmias should include early contact with pediatric electrophysiological centres.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5

Literatur

  1. Alboni P, Tomasi C, Menozzi C et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital self-administered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, well-tolerated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:548–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chung KY, Walsh TJ, Massie E (1965) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am Heart J 69:116–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Friedman RA, Walsh EP, Silka MJ et al (2002) NASPE Expert Consensus Conference: radiofrequency catheter ablation in children with and without congenital heart disease. Report of the writing committee. North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25(6):1000–1017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gross GJ, Epstein MR, Walsh EP, Saul JP (1998) Characteristics, management and midterm outcome in infants with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 82(8):956–960

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kugler JD, Danford DA, Houston KA, Felix G; Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation Registry of the Pediatric Electrophysiology Society (2002) Pediatric radiofrequency catheter ablation registry success, fluoroscopy time and complication rate for supraventricular tachycardia: comparison of early and recent eras. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13(4):336–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee PC, Hwang B, Tai CT et al (2004) The different electrophysiological characteristics in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome between those with and without atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27(2):235–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Marx M, Schlemmer M, Frey B et al (2001) Interventionelle Behandlung kindlicher Herzrhythmusstörungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149:1034–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pfammatter JP, Stocker FP (1998) Results of a restrictive use of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chronic treatment of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias in infancy and childhood. Am J Cardiol 82(1):72–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Riggs TW, Byrd JA, Weinhouse E (1999) Recurrence risk of supraventricular tachycardia in pediatric patients. Cardiology 91(1):25–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Santinelli V, Radinovic A, Manguso F et al (2009) The natural history of asymptomatic ventricular pre-excitation – a long-term prospective follow-up study of 184 asymptomatic children. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(3):275–280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Weindling SN, Saul JP, Walsh EP (1996) Efficacy and risks of medical therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in neonates and infants. Am Heart J 131(1):66–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Marx.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Albinni, S., Hanslik, A. & Marx, M. Tachykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 158, 1263–1278 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-010-2268-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-010-2268-3

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation