Zusammenfassung
Vaskulitiden sind immunvermittelte Entzündungsreaktionen der Gefäßwand, deren Ätiologie weitgehend unklar ist. Die Klinik reicht von harmlosen, vorwiegend kutanen Verläufen der Purpura Schönlein-Henoch zu lebensbedrohlichen, rapid verlaufenden Erkrankungen wie der mikroskopischen Polyangiitis. Die Klassifikationen richten sich entweder nach der Größe der betroffenen Gefäße oder den pathoanatomischen Befunden und unterscheiden primäre von sekundären, durch Kollagenosen (z. B. SLE) ausgelöste Vaskulitiden. Die Immunpathogenese ist anhand der 4 verschiedenen Formen der Hypersensitivitätsreaktionen zu verstehen.
Abstract
Vasculitides are immune mediated, inflammatory reactions of the vessel wall the etiology of which is mostly unclear. The clinical spectrum is wide: harmless, mainly cutaneous courses of Henoch-Schönlein purpura as well as life-threatening courses with renal failure in microscopic polyangiitis occur. Classification systems use the size of the afflicted vessel, differentiate vasculitides by histopathological findings and divide them into primary and secondary groups, the latter being mediated by connective tissue disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythomatosus). The immunopathogenesis may be explained by the four different forms of hypersensitivity reactions.
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Wagner, N. Vaskulitis – Klassifikation und Immunpathogenese. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 154, 859–864 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-006-1392-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-006-1392-6