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Physiologie der Megakaryopoiese und des Thrombozyten

Physiology of megakaryopoiesis and thrombocytes

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Zusammenfassung

Thrombozyten werden aus dem Zytoplasma von Megakaryozyten freigesetzt und haben eine entscheidende Funktion bei der Blutgerinnung. Sie sind auch in entzündliche Prozesse und die Wundheilung involviert. Die Proliferation und Differenzierung von Megakaryozyten wird durch die Bindung des Wachstumsfaktors Thrombopoietin (Tpo) an seinen Rezeptor c-Mpl stimuliert und reguliert. Glykoproteine der Thrombozytenmembran vermitteln bei Gefäßverletzung die Bindung von Thrombozyten an das subendotheliale Gewebe und die Aggregation zu hämostatischen Gerinnseln. Störungen der Megakaryopoiese, Thrombozytopoiese und Thrombozytenfunktion verursachen mit oder ohne Thrombozytopenie eine Gerinnungsstörung. Mit der molekularbiologischen Analyse ist es in jüngster Zeit gelungen, die Regulationskaskaden für die Plättchenfunktion, Thrombopoiese und Megakaryopoiese zunehmend besser zu verstehen und auf Krankheiten zu beziehen. Damit verknüpft sich die Hoffnung, gezielter in pathologische Prozesse eingreifen zu können.

Abstract

Platelets are generated from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. They play a fundamental role in blood coagulation and are also involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes is stimulated and regulated by binding of the lineage-specific growth factor thrombopoietin (TPO) to its receptor c-MPL. In case of vascular damage; glycoproteins of the platelet membrane are responsible for binding the platelets to subendothelial structures and their aggregation to haemostatic blood clots. Malfunction of megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and thrombocytes will cause bleeding symptoms with or without thrombocytopenia. Molecular biological research activities during recent years have contributed much to increased understanding of the regulatory processes for platelet function, thrombopoiesis, and megakaryopoiesis and in relation to corresponding disease. This is linked to hope for targeted therapy approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neonatologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin

    C. Dame

  2. Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin

    G. Gaedicke

  3. Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie der Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin

    H. Schulze

Authors
  1. C. Dame
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  2. G. Gaedicke
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  3. H. Schulze
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Correspondence to C. Dame.

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Dame, C., Gaedicke, G. & Schulze, H. Physiologie der Megakaryopoiese und des Thrombozyten. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 154, 502–509 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-006-1351-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-006-1351-2

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