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Psychologische Diagnostik bei chronischer Erkrankung

Psychological assessment in cases of chronic illness

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Zusammenfassung

Die psychologische Diagnostik bei chronisch-somatischen Erkrankungen zielt einerseits auf die Erfassung der Krankheitsbewältigung (spezifische Adaptation) und andererseits auf die primär krankheitsunabhängige allgemeine Verhaltensentwicklung und Psychopathologie (globale Adaptation). Sie umfasst Anamnese und Exploration, strukturierte psychologische Tests und Fragebögen sowie halbstrukturierte Checklisten, Interviews und Beobachtungsverfahren. Bei der Psychodiagnostik der spezifischen Adaptation stehen die Diagnostik der assoziierten psychosozialen Folgebelastungen und Behandlungsanforderungen, die Bewältigungsstrategien (Coping) und die Effektivität des Krankheitsmanagements sowie die resultierenden Einschränkungen bei der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität mit Hilfe krankheitsspezifischer sowie krankheitsübergreifender Fragebögen im Vordergrund. Die Diagnostik der allgemeinen Adaptation richtet sich auf die Identifikation psychopathologischer Vulnerabilität bzw. manifester psychischer Störungen, die als Komorbidität oder als Ergebnis kumulativer Misserfolge bei der spezifischen Krankheitsbewältigung auftreten können.

Abstract

Psychological assessment in chronic conditions refers to the examination both of the coping to the disease (specific adaptation) and of the primarily disease-independent behavioural development and psychopathological status in the child (general adaptation). Instruments applied comprise history and exploration, structured psychological tests and questionnaires, and semi-structured clinical checklists, interviews and observations. Assessment of the specific adaptation to the chronic condition comprises identification of the secondary psychosocial stressors and demands, of the patterns and efficacy of coping and the self-management strategies applied, and of the health-related quality of life using disease-specific or generic questionnaires. Assessment of general psychological adaptation involves the identification of psychopathological vulnerability or the manifest disorder, which may occur as a comorbid condition or result from cumulative coping failure.

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  1. Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde, Universität Bonn, Adenauerallee 119, 53113, Bonn

    M. Noeker

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Noeker, M. Psychologische Diagnostik bei chronischer Erkrankung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 154, 326–337 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-006-1310-y

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