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Hormonelle Kontrolle des Wachstums

Hormonal regulation of growth

  • Leitthema: Großwuchs/Kleinwuchs
  • Published:
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Kindheit ist eine Zeit des Wachstums. Dieses ist ist ein komplexer, multifaktoriell gesteuerter Prozess. Man unterscheidet primäre und sekundäre Faktoren, die das Längenwachstum beim Kind beeinflussen. Hormone gehören zu den sekundären Faktoren und sind in unterschiedlicher Weise an der Entwicklung des Organismus beim prä- und postnatalen Wachstum beteiligt. Eine zentrale Rolle kommt IGF-I zu, welches sowohl prä- als auch postnatal für eine normale Entwicklung unerlässlich ist. Nach neuerer Erkenntnis scheint lokal in vielen Geweben gebildetes IGF-I für die Wachstumsprozesse wichtiger als das von der Leber gebildete und im Blut zirkulierende IGF-I. Wachstumshormon ist für die Bildung von IGF-I nach der Geburt wichtig, spielt aber fetal für dessen Regulation keine wesentliche Rolle. Auch Insulin ist als Wachstumsfaktor fetal und postnatal wichtig. Die Schilddrüsenhormone tragen postnatal ganz wesentlich zum Längenwachstum bei, sind fetal dazu jedoch nicht erforderlich. Die Sexualhormone sind am pubertären Wachstumsspurt beteiligt, bei beiden Geschlechtern ist Östradiol für den Schluss der Epiphysenfugen und die Beendigung des Wachstums verantwortlich.

Abstract

Childhood is a time of growth. Growth is a complex, multifactorial process. A distinction is made between primary and secondary factors influencing linear growth. Hormones are secondary factors and affect prenatal and postnatal growth and development in different ways. IGF-I is a central factor, being essential for normal fetal and postnatal growth. Recent data suggest that the IGF-I produced locally in many tissues, which acts in a paracrine and autocrine fashion, is more important for growth than the systemic IGF-I produced by the liver. Postnatally, the production of IGF-I is dependent on growth hormone (GH), but during fetal life GH is not required for regulation of IGF-I until shortly before term. Insulin is recognized as another important fetal and postnatal growth factor. Thyroid hormones make a major contribution to postnatal linear growth, but are not required for fetal growth. Sex hormones initiate puberty and the pubertal growth spurt. In both males and females, closure of the epiphyseal plates and termination of growth is ultimately mediated by estradiol.

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  1. Universitätskinderklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    H. P. Schwarz, S. Bechtold & H. Schmidt

  2. Universitätskinderklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, München

    H. P. Schwarz

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  1. H. P. Schwarz
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  2. S. Bechtold
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Correspondence to H. P. Schwarz.

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Schwarz, H.P., Bechtold, S. & Schmidt, H. Hormonelle Kontrolle des Wachstums . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152, 501–508 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-004-0947-7

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