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Parvovirus B19

Ein häufig unterschätzter Infektionserreger mit vielen Krankheitsbildern

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Zusammenfassung

Infektionen mit Parvovirus B19 verursachen eine der klassischen Kinderkrankheiten, die Ringelröteln (Erythema infectiosum). In den letzten Jahren fand man, dass Parvovirus-B19-Infektionen neben dieser meist problemlos verlaufenden Symptomatik auch mit schweren Erkrankungen unterschiedlicher Organbereiche wie Arthritiden und Arthralgien, Anämien, Thrombo- und Granulozytopenien, Hepatitiden, Enzephalitiden, Meningitiden und Myokarditiden einhergehen können. Hierbei persistiert das Virus oft über längere Zeiträume im Blut oder in bestimmten Geweben. Besonders gefährdet sind Immunsupprimierte. Infektionen bei schwangeren Frauen können zu Spontanaborten, Totgeburten oder Hydrops fetalis führen. Aufgrund der neuen epidemiologischen Daten sollten Infektion und Übertragungswege des Parvovirus B19 mehr Beachtung als bisher erfahren.

Abstract

Parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of one of the classic diseases of childhood, the rash illness, fifth disease (Erythema infectiosum). Besides this usually harmless disease manifestation, however, parvovirus B19 was found to be associated with a variety of severe illnesses, mainly arthritis, anemia, thrombo- and granulocytopenia, hepatitis, encephalitis, meningitis, and myocarditis. In these cases parvovirus B19 may persist in the peripheral blood or in individual organs of the patients over long periods of time. Children with immunosuppression are at higher risk. During pregnancy infections may result in spontaneous abortions, intrauterine fetal death, and hydrops fetalis. Based on these epidemiological data that were accumulated during the past several years, clinicians should pay more attention to B19 infections and the mode of their transmission.

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  1. Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Interdiszipl. Intensivstation, Feulgenstr. 12, 35385, Gießen

    H. W. Lehmann

  2. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg

    S. Modrow

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Lehmann, H.W., Modrow, S. Parvovirus B19 . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152, 203–214 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0880-1

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